Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Based on material from Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World, Leonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007 Also includes material by David Schuff, Paul Weinberg, and Cindy Joy Marselis.
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Operational Level
Day-to-day business processes Interactions with customers Information systems used to:
Automate repetitive tasks Improve efficiency Structured Recurring Can often be automated using IS
Decisions:
Examples?
Managerial Level
Functional managers
Monitoring and controlling operational-level activities Providing information to executive level Midlevel managers
Focus on effectively utilizing and deploying resources Goal of achieving strategic objectives
Managers decisions
Semi-structured Contained within business function Moderately complex Time horizon of few days to few months
Examples?
6
Executive Level
The president, CEO, vice presidents, board of directors Decisions
Long-term strategic issues Complex and nonroutine problems Unstructured decisions Long-term ramifications
Examples?
7-7
Managerial Level
Midlevel managers and functional managers Automate the monitoring and controlling of operational activities Improve organizational effectiveness Management Information Systems (MIS)
Executive Level
Executive-level managers Aggregate summaries of past organizational data and projections of the future Improve organizational strategy and planning Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Why IS
Learning Objectives
Input-process-output model
Basic systems model Payroll system example
10
Examples
Architecture of a TPS
12
Source Documents
13
Online processing
Immediate results Transactions collected and later processed together Used when immediate notification not necessary
Batch processing
14
15
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Produce reports Support of midlevel managers decisions Sales forecasting Financial management and forecasting Manufacturing, planning and scheduling Inventory management and planning Etc.
17
Examples
Architecture of an MIS
18
19
20
21
Aid in executive decision-making Provide information in highly aggregated form Monitoring of internal and external events and resources Crisis management Etc.
Examples
22
Architecture of an EIS
23
Hard data
Facts and numbers Generated by TPS & MIS Purchased data
Soft data
Nonanalytical information Web-based news portals
25
26
Digital dashboard Presentation of summary information Information from multiple sources Ability to drill down if necessary
27
28
Summary
So whats the trend as you go down the list/up the pyramid?
Executive Information Systems Highest level summary of information Management Information Systems Aggregate and collect data Transaction Processing Systems Collect data
29
EIS
Controls and Security
MIS
TPS
Stronger
Operations Staff
Transaction Processing
Source: Business Driven Technology, by Haag, Baltzan, Phillips, McGraw Hill, 2006 (with modifications) 30
Decision Level
Description Competitive advantage Market leader Long term Improve operations without restructuring
Executive
Management
New tools to Expenses, cut costs or impschedules, sales rove efficiency models, forecast Scheduling employees, placing orders. Transactions, accounting, HRM, inventory
Operations
31
Learning Objectives
32
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World
7-32
33
34
Architecture of a DSS
35
36
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World
7-36
37
2. Intelligent Systems
Artificial intelligence
Simulation of human intelligence Reasoning, learning, sensing, hearing, walking, talking, etc.
38
Intelligent Systems
Three types
Expert systems Neural networks Intelligent agents
39
Expert Systems
Use reasoning methods Manipulate knowledge rather than information System asks series of questions Inferencing/pattern matching
40
Past information
41
42
-42
Program working in the background Bot (software robot) Provides service when a specific event occurs
43
4. Data-mining agents analyze large amounts of data 5. Web crawlers (web spiders) browse the Web for
specific information
44
45
Visualization
46
Text Mining
Extraction of information from textual documents Web crawlers used to extract information from Internet
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48
5. Collaboration Technologies
Increased need for flexible teams Virtual teams dynamic task forces
Forming and disbanding as needed Fluctuating team size Easy, flexible access to other team members
49
Video Conferencing
Dedicated videoconferencing systems Located within organizational conference rooms Highly realistic
50
Groupware
51
Benefits of Groupware
52
Generating value from knowledge assets Collection of technology-based systems Knowledge assets
Skills, routines, practices, principles, formulas, methods, heuristics and intuition Used to improve efficiency, effectiveness and profitability Documents storing both facts and procedures Examples
Databases, manuals, diagrams, books, etc.
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56
Cases
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Amazon.com
Personalized greeting Memory for recent purchases Targeted gold box offers and bargains Shipping vs. billing address comparison Method of shipment checks Credit card sources checks
58
Fraud protection
One-click shopping
59
RFID tags
Latest in technological tracking devices Information imprinted on a tag Tag generates signature signal Special RFID reader interprets signal
Pharmaceutical industry
Tracking of medication from factory to pharmacy
Retail businesses
60