Basics of a Electric Motor

LP11

A Two Pole DC Motor

LP11

A Four Pole DC Motor

LP11

Operating Principle of a DC Machine

LP11

Flemings Left Hand Rule Or Motor Rule

FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD 900 900 900 MIDDLE FINGER= CURRENT

FORCE = B IAl
LP11 5

Flemings Right Hand Rule Or Generator Rule

FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD 900 900 900

MIDDLE FINGER = INDUCED VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE = B l u
LP11 6

Action of a Commutator

LP11

Armature of a DC Motor

LP11

Generated Voltage in a DC Machine

LP11

Summary of a DC Machine
Basically consists of

1. An electromagnetic or permanent magnetic structure called field which is static 2. An Armature which rotates The Field produces a magnetic medium The Armature produces voltage and torque under the action of the magnetic field

LP11

10

Voltage and Torque developed in a DC Machine

Induced EMF, EA = Km (volts)
Developed Torque, Tdev = KIA (Newton-meter or Nm) where m is the speed of the armature in rad/sec., is the flux per pole in weber (Wb) IA is the Armature current K is the machine constant

LP11

11

Interaction of Prime-mover DC Generator and Load

Tdev Prime-mover (Turbine) m Tpm
+

IA
+

Load
-

DC Generator EA
-

VL

EA is Generated voltage VL is Load voltage Tpm is the Torque generated by Prime Mover Tdev is the opposing generator torque
LP11 12

Interaction of the DC Motor and Mechanical Load

+

IA
+

Tload EA DC Motor
-

VT
- -

m Tdev

Mechanical Load (Pump, Compressor)

EA is Back EMF VT is Applied voltage Tdev is the Torque developed by DC Motor Tload is the opposing load torque
LP11 13

Power Developed in a DC Machine

Neglecting Losses,
Input mechanical power to dc generator
= Tdev m= KIAm =EA IA = Output electric power to load Input electrical power to dc motor = EA IA= K m IA = Tdev m = Output mechanical power to load
LP11 14

Equivalence of motor and generator

In every generator there is a motor (Tdev opposes Tpm) In every motor there is a generator (EA opposes VT)

LP11

15

Separately Excited DC Machine

RA

+ Vf -

Armature

Field Coil

LP11

16

Shunt Excited DC Machine

Shunt Field Coil

Armature
RA

LP11

17

Series Excited DC Machine

RA

Armature

Series Field Coil

LP11

18

Compound Excited DC Machine

Series Field Coil

Shunt Field Coil

Armature
RA

If the shunt and series field aid each other it is called a cumulatively excited machine If the shunt and series field oppose each other it is called a differentially excited machine
LP11 19

Separately Excited DC Motor Torque-speed Characteristics

RA + Vf -

Armature

Field Coil
Tdev

LP11

20

Series Excited DC Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics

RA

Armature Series Field Coil

Tdev

LP11

21

Speed Control of Separately Excited DC Motor(2)

By Controlling Terminal Voltage VT and keeping If or constant at rated value .This method of speed control is applicable for speeds below rated or base speed. m
Tdev1 Tdev1<Tdev2< Tdev3 Tdev2 Tdev3

LP11

VT

22

Speed Control of Separately Excited DC Motor

By Controlling(reducing) Field Current If or and keeping VT at rated value. This method of speed control is applicable for speeds below rated speed. m
Tdev1 Tdev2 Tdev3 Tdev1<Tdev2< Tdev3

LP11 23