Akshaya Chandrasekar

VIII - A

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Quadrilateral Definition Point Line Line Chart Ray Angle Polygons

Quadrilateral: A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides (or edges) and four vertices or corners

Point: Point is zero-dimensional; i.e., it does not have volume, area, length, or any other higher-dimensional analogue.

The above image is a finite set of points (blue) in two dimensional Euclidean space.

Line :

(Breathless Length - defined by Euclid)

The line is the first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt of any width. The straight line is that which is equally extended between its points

Three lines the red and blue lines have the same slope, while the red and green ones have same y-intercept.

Line Chart: A graph that uses points connected by lines to show how something changes in value.

Ray:
A ray is a part of a line that begins at a particular point (called the endpoint) and extends endlessly in one direction. A ray is also called half-line.

In the example shown below, P is the endpoint and Q is the point towards which the ray extends. So, the ray PQ is represented as:

Angle:

The amount of turn between two straight lines that have a common end point (the vertex).

Altogether, there are six types of angle as listed below.

Number of Sides or Vertices 3 4 5 6 7

Classification Triangle Quadrilateral Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon

8
9 10

Octagon
Nonagon Decagon

Diagonal: A diagonal is a line segment joining two non-consecutive vertices.

In the above figure AC and BD are diagonals.

Regular Polygon: A regular polygon has equal sides and equal angles.

A regular polygon of 3 sides Equilateral Triangle All sides are equal All angles are equal to 60 degrees

A regular polygon of 4 sides Square All sides are equal All angles are equal to 90 degrees A regular polygon of 5 sides Regular Pentagon All sides are equal All angles are equal to 108 degrees A regular polygon of 6 sides Regular Hexagon All sides are equal All angles are equal to 120 degrees

Number of Sides or Angles

3 4

Name of the Polygon

Triangle Quadrilateral

Sum of the Angles

180 degrees 360 degrees

Deduction of Angle Sum

(3-2) * 180 (4-2) * 180

5
6 7 8 9 10

Pentagon
Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon Decagon

540 degrees
720 degrees 900 degrees 1080 degrees 1260 degrees 1440 degrees

(5-2) * 180
(6-2) * 180 (7-2) * 180 (8-2) * 180 (9-2) * 180 (10-2) * 180

Note: In general if a polygon has n sides and has (n-2) * 180 degrees as the sum of angles.

Exterior Angle property of a polygon: The sum of the measures of the external angles of any polygon is 360 degrees.

Rectangle: Rectangle is a quadrilateral in which opposite sides are equal and parallel and each angle is equal to 90 degrees.

AB = CD, || AB AD = BC, || AD Angle A = Angle B = Angle C = Angle D = 90 Degrees

Square: Square is a quadrilateral in which all the sides are equal and each angle is equal to 90 degrees.

AB = BC = CD = DA Angle A = Angle B = Angle C = Angle D = 90 Degrees

Trapezium: Square is a quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are equal.

AB || BC

GH || HI

LO || MN