SISTEM OTOT (2)

DISEDIAKAN OLEH; SUHAIMI BIN SAHAT IPGK THO

Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column

Trapezius
Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and spinous process of C7-T12 Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

Deltoid
Origin: Anterior surface, lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tubercle of humerus Action: Abducts humerus; aids in flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation

Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Abducts humerus

Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Teres Minor
Origin: Axillary border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Teres Major
Origin: Axillary border at inferior angle of scapula Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus Action: Extends, adduction and medial rotates humerus.

Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Rotates humerus medially

Origin: Long head, supraglenoid tubercle; Short head, coracoid process scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius Action: Flexes radius and humerus, and supinates forearm

Biceps Brachii
Short Head

Long Head

Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long head, infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head, proximal portion of posterior humerus; Medial head, distal half of posterior humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna Action: Extends humerus and ulna

Long Head

Lateral Head

Brachialis
Origin: Anterior distal two-thirds of humerus Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna Action: Flexes ulna

Anconeus
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process, posterior surface of ulna Action: Weak extensor of ulna, stabilizes elbow joint in extension

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Scaphoid and trapezium Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb Action: Abducts thumb and aids in flexion
Palm

Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion: Middle portion of radius Action: Pronates and flexes forearm
Anterior, Superficial Layer

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of second metacarpal Action: Flexes wrist and elbow and abducts wrist
Anterior, Superficial Layer

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process, & posterior ulna Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, and fifth metacarpal Action: Flexes and adducts wrist
Anterior, Superficial Layer

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion: Middle phalanges of fingers Action: Flexes fingers and wrist
Anterior, Middle Layer

Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: Styloid process of radius Action: Flexes forearm

Posterior, Superficial Layer

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: Second metacarpal Action: Extends and abducts hand

Posterior, Superficial Layer

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Third metacarpal Action: Extends and abducts hand

Posterior, Superficial Layer

Extensor Digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Into distal phalanx by 4 tendons Action: Extends fingers and hand
Posterior, Superficial Layer

Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna Insertion: Lateral surface and posterior border of radius Action: Supinates forearm
Posterior, Deepest Layer

Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward

Serratus Anterior
Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus

Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliolumbar ligament and crest of ilium Insertion: Lower border of 12th rib, transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae Action: Depresses rib cage inferiorly and laterally flexes trunk

External Intercostal
Origin: Inferior border of rib above Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates rib cage during inspiration

Internal Intercostal
Origin: Superior border of rib below Insertion: Inferior border of rib above Action: Depresses rib cage during expiration

Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing

Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

Rectus Abdominus
Origin: Pubis symphysis and crest of pubis Insertion: Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 Action: Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column

External Abdominal Oblique

Origin: External surface of lower 8 ribs Insertion: Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba Action: Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Upper portion of ilium, the sacrum and coccyx Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract Action: Principal extensor and lateral rotator of femur

Gluteus Medius
Origin: Middle portion of ilium Insertion: Oblique ridge on greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts femur, stabilizes contralateral hip while standing on one leg

Piriformis
Origin: Pelvic surface of sacrum Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Rotates femur laterally

Psoas Major
Origin: Transverse processes of bodies of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus Action: Flexes trunk and flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Iliacus
Origin: Iliac fossa and lateral margin of sacrum Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major Action: Flexes and laterally rotates femur

Biceps Femoris
Origin: Long head, ischial tuberosity; Short head, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Action: Extends femur and flexes leg

Long Head

Short Head

Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial margin of tibial tuberosity Action: Flexes both femur and tibia

Rectus Femoris
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and upper margin of acetabulum Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Action: Extends tibia and flexes femur

Gastrocnemius
Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur Insertion: With soleus into calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes tibia and plantar; flexes foot

Superficial

Soleus
Origin: Upper third of fibula and soleal line of tibia Insertion: With gastrocnemius into calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes foot

Second Layer

Tibialis Posterior
Origin: Interosseous membrane and tibia and fibula on either side Insertion: Navicular, with slips to cuneiform; cuboid; metatarsals 2-4 Action: Adducts and inverts foot and aids in plantar flexion

Third Layer

Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Upper half of tibia and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of first cuneiform and first metatarsal Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Fibularis Longus
Origin: Upper twothirds of fibula and intermuscular septa Insertion: Plantar base of first metatarsal and first cuneiform and Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot