BY SUMAN MALLICK

SMS PROCESSES
BLAST FURNACE(Iron ore, carbon, limestone) ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE(Scrap, Sponge iron, pig iron) L.R.F(Refinement, Fe alloys, Argon purging)

CASTER(Al. wire, feeding mould EMS)

V.D

RAW MATERIAL
HOT METAL
DRI SKULL

SCRAP
LIME DOLOMATIC LIME

CONTI.

HOT METAL (COMPOSITION &ELEMENT USE) C- 3.5-4% SI- 0.7-0.8% MN- VERY LESS S- 0.02-0.05% P- 0.08-0.1% FE- 98.50-99.75% DRI (50-55 TONN) FE- 81% OXIDE- 9-10% C- 0.2% SI- 3.2-3.5% SCRAP(1.54-2.0%)

CONTI..
LIME(CAO)
CAO- 83-84% MGO- 1.65%

SI 1.5%
DOLOMATIC LIME CAO- 63-66% MGO- 16-18% SI- 3.5-4.0%

E.A.F ( Electric Arc Furnace)

Tapping Process
An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats

charged material by means of an electric arc. Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units used for secondary steelmaking. Electric arc furnace temperatures can be up to 1,800 degrees Celsius.

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Tapping

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EAF Processes
Dephosphorization Decarburization

Melting

EAF Productivity

The EAF - productivity depends on:

Metallic Input: Hot Metal (60-65 tonn) DRI (50-55 tonn) Scrap (adequate(up to 5 tonn)) (Transformer capacity 100MVA/T)

Equipment
Oxygen blowing

CPC & Lime Addition All these contributes to Tap To Tap Time (Minimum- 40-50min(approximate)) Working Temperature (1550-1600C)

L.R.F. (Ladle Refining Furnace)

Function of LRF
The Ladle furnace is used to heat the steel and achieved the

final composition of steel by adding Ferro alloy, Argon bubbling is applied to homogenize the steel composition and temperature. Heating of up to 3C per minute is achieved by a set of graphite electrode, which are lowered into the slag layer, Just above the molten steel surface Another purpose of the ladle furnace is to act as a holding furnace between the EAF and continuous casting machine.

LRF Processes
Deoxidization
Desulphurization (through lime addition) Chemical Adjustments (through addition of Fe alloys)

Refining
Temperature Control Homogenization of Compositions (through Argon

Purging)

V.D. (Vacuum Degassing)

Function of V.D.
Vacuum treatment of the steel is the most important

secondary metallurgical process. The tank degasser is used to remove gaseous element, non-metallic inclusion and Sulphur from the steel. The removal of Non-metallic inclusion is achieved through slag metal interactions, which are promoted by strong argon flushing within the vacuum tank.

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Principle of operation RH degasser

Continuous Casting
Continuous casting (also called strand casting) is

the process whereby molten metal is solidified into a "semi finished" billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in the finishing mills. This process is used most frequently to cast steel (in terms of tonnage cast).

Equipments
1. Ladle 2. Stopper 3. Tundis 4. Shroud 5. Mold 6. Roll support 7. Turning zone 8. Shroud 9. Bath level 10. Meniscus 11. Withdrawal unit 12. Cutting zone

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