Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Need Analysis
The first questions:
Why do learners need to learn English? What is the difference between ESP or general English? Why do we mean by needs? What does Need Analysis mean?
NOTHING,
In practice ;
A GREAT DEAL
Target Needs
Necessities Lacks Wants
Necessities
The type of need determined by the demands of the
target situation, that is, what the learner has to know in order to function effectively in the target situation
For example: A businessman needs to understand
Lacks
To indentify necessities alone is not enough since the
concern in ESP is with the needs of particular learners. We also need to know what the learner knows already, so that we can decide which of the necessities the learner lacks.
Wants
a need does not exist independent of a person.
Need analysis focuses on the future, or what should be done, rather than on what was done as is the focus of most program evaluations. Some people use
1- First, you identify the audience and purposes for the analysis 2- Second, you fully describe the target population and service environment. 3- The third step is need identification where descriptions of the problems (beyond the general level noted in step 1) and possible solutions are generated. This is where you illustrate the gaps between expected/ideal and actual outcomes. You want to gather information from more than one level of target, although you should focus on the primary targets.
4- The fourth step is called needs assessment by McKillip (1998). This is the time to evaluate the identified needs. Which are the most important? Do any of the needs conflict with other needs? Is there consistent agreement across levels of target groups about the relevance and importance of the needs? 5- Finally, you communicate your results to the audience identified in the first step.
Step I is to conduct the Needs Assessment. Needs assessment can prove two types of information.
On the other hand, in step I, the tools and techniques of needs assessment is also important, therefore it is necessary to mention some of them;
Surveys NEEDS ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE ESP.doc Interviews Analysis of statistics, records Suggestion box
Step II
In this step the language teachers have a clear picture of what to teach, how to teach, and when to teach. Nunan (1988) maintains that following seems to form the objective of a course
Step III
Here teachers should determine which aspects of ESP learning will be included, integrated and used in the syllabus to meet the students needs and expectation. The course may focus on the cultural things or technical areas or vocabulary part of the intended target language.
Step IV
Once the content of the ESP course is determined, the next step is to decide on which materials best meet the needs of the learners. This is also very important in implementing the objectives of an ESP course.
Step V
In this step in order for the course to go smoothly and
make the student understand the subject areas given in an ESP material, activities are given in an order.
This order may be deductive or inductive.
Step VI
After giving the students the course according to the
result of needs assessment, one needs to reevaluate the students at the end of the course so that s/he can see whether the students have reached the intended level or not.
TARIK ATALAR