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Basic Concepts
Introduction
Basic concepts:
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Charge q(t)
Exist as negative (electron) and positive (proton) charges. Measured in Coulombs (C). 1 electron = -1.602*10-19C.
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Current i(t)
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Voltage v(t)
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Power p(t)
Positive power element absorbs power. Negative power element supplies power. Sign determined by voltage and current.
An ideal circuit:
Psupplied + Pabsorbed = 0.
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Energy
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Circuit Elements
An element is the basic building block of a circuit. Electric circuit is interconnecting of the elements. Types of elements:
Active elements Capable of generating energy (i.e. batteries, generators). Passive elements Absorbs energy (i.e. resistors, capacitors and inductors). Voltage and current sources the most important active elements.
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Source
Divided into:
Independent source Does not depend to other elements to supply voltage or current. Dependent source Reverse of independent.
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Examples
Determine the current flowing through an element if the charge flow is given by q(t)=(9t2+2t-2)C. Find the charge q(t) flowing through a device if the current (i(t))=(2t+5) mA and q(0)=0. The charge entering a certain element is shown below. Determine current at:
t= 1 ms t= 6 ms t= 10ms
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Examples
Given the graph, plot the corresponding current. Calculate total charge that pass through an element at:
t = 1s t = 3s t = 5s
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Examples
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