Alarm & Hardware

Investigation In

Nokia Systems

Company Confidential
1 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7767 BCCH MISSING

Meaning The base station system has become faulty and the BSC recovery has not been able re-configure a working BCCH to the BTS. The system also sets this alarm if the BTS in question is in the normal working state but no BCCH-TRX has been configured to the BTS or if the BCCH-TRX of the BTS is locked by the user. The base station cannot transmit traffic without a working BCCH.
Instructions This alarm is usually a result of a fault situation in the BTS detected by the BTS or the BSC. Use the MML command EOL to list other alarms affecting the BTS and act according to their instructions. Check that the system cancels the alarms (including this alarm) affecting the faulty unit. This returns the BCCH-TRX to the WO state. If the system does not cancel this alarm, lock and unlock the faulty object (BCF/BTS/TRX) with the EFS/EQS/ERS MML command. This causes the object to restart. The system then cancels all alarms affecting the unit, and if necessary, sets them again. In such a case, correct the fault according to the instructions in Company Confidential the active alarms affecting the unit. 2 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7725 TRAFFIC CHANNEL ACTIVATION FAILURE

Meaning The system has blocked the radio time slot because the call control has failed a number of times in the activation of a traffic channel. Supplementary information fields 1 Type of the channel whose TCH activation failed The channel type can be "TCH" , "SDCCH" or "Packet Data TCH". The number value "0" indicates "TCH", "1" indicates "SDCCH" and "2" indicates "PDTCH" (Packet Data Traffic TCH).

Instructions
if the failure type is "PDTCH", the alarm is cancelled automatically by the system, when no more failure indications are observed if the channel type is "TCH" or "SDCCH", cancel the alarm with the MML command EOR. Deblock the radio time slot by first aligning the TRX in question with the command ERS and then removing the alignment of the TRX

Company Confidential
3 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7746 CH CONGESTION IN CELL ABOVE DEFINED THRESHOLD

Meaning The percentage of rejected channel seizure requests due to congestion as opposed to all channel seizure requests in the base station is above the operator-defined alarm threshold. In the segment environment this alarm describes the congestion situation of the whole cell although it is only given to the BCCH BTS. The alarm is used to supervise the traffic capacity of the base station. Supplementary information fields 1 object of congestion 01 SDCCH 02 TCH 03 extended cell SDCCH 04 extended cell TCH 2 the time (hours, minutes) when congestion was last observed during the measurement period 3 number of channel seizure requests during the measurement period 4 percentage of rejected SDCCH or TCH (depending on the congestion object) seizure requests due to congestion in all channel seizure requests during the measurement period. The TCH percentage includes all half rate, full rate and rate recommendation channel seizure requests 5 percentage of rejected half rate channel seizure requests due to congestion in all seizure requests during the measurement period; only significant, if the congestion object is a TCH 6 percentage of rejected full rate channel seizure requests due to congestion in all seizure requests during the measurement period; only significant, if the congestion object is a TCH 7 this new field is significant only if the congestion object is a TCH. The new field is a percentage value and indicates how big a portion of the refused TCH requests (field refused_calls_percentage) have been refused due to lack of traffic handling capacity in the BCSUs. Instructions Increase the network capacity if necessary. Check that the parameters affecting the alarm are reasonable. MML command EEO outputs the radio network supervision parameter values, EEN command modifies the parameter values. Parameters, with their default values, affecting the alarm: ZEEN: CSR: channel seizure request threshold value (10) CNGS: SDCCH congestion threshold value (20 %) CNGT: TCH congestion threshold value (20 %) PRDCNG: length of congestion supervision period (120 min)

Company Confidential
4 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7743 MEAN HOLDING TIME BELOW DEFINED THRESHOLD

Meaning Mean holding time on a channel is below the operator-defined minimum during the measurement period. The alarm is used to supervise the functioning of traffic channels and to detect the possible faulty channels. Supplementary information fields 1 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 0 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 2 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 1 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 3 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 2 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 4 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 3 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 5 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 4 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 6 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 5 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 7 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 6 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 8 indicates if the mean holding time is below the defined threshold in time slot 7 00: above threshold (no alarm) 01: below threshold (alarm) 9 identifies the time slot where the mean holding time is shortest 10 identifies the subchannel in the time slot with the shortest mean holding time 00: TCH/H subchannel 0 01: TCH/H subchannel 1 02: TCH/F subchannel 11 shortest mean holding time in seconds during the measurement period (TCH) Instructions Find out the reason for the fault by examining the release causes in channel release messages. Restore the channel by first locking it out of use and then unlocking it with the MML command ERS. ZERS:<BTS>,<TRX>,<CH>:L; lock ZERS:<BTS>,<TRX>,<CH>:U; unlock Check that the parameters affecting the alarm are reasonable. The MML command EEO outputs the radio network supervision parameter values and the EEN command modifies the parameter values. Parameters, with their default values, affecting the alarm: ZEEN:MINHTT = minimum mean holding time for a TCH (10 s) PRDMHT = length of TCH supervision measurement (120 min) CS = channel seizure threshold value (10)
Company Confidential
5 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7734 BCCH IS NOT AT PREFERRED BCCH TRX

Meaning The BTS has at least one TRX defined as the preferred BCCH TRX but the BCCH channel is not on such a TRX so the BCCH coverage may have decreased. This alarm is not set if the BCCH MISSING alarm is active. Supplementary information fields Instructions This alarm usually results from a fault affecting the BTS's preferred BCCH TRX. Check the radio network configuration with the MML command EEI or the transceiver parameters with the MML command ERO. Check active alarms with the MML command EOL and find out the reason for the preferred BCCH TRX fault based on other alarms affecting the BTS in question. Act according to the instructions of the other active alarms. Check that the system moves the BCCH to the preferred BCCH TRX and cancels this alarm.

Company Confidential
6 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7735 TRX TEST FAILED

Meaning The TRX test has failed. The test outcome is concluded by comparing the test results to the threshold values. The traffic capacity is likely to be decreased. Supplementary information fields 1 number of the radio time slot used for the test 0...7 2 transmitted power range 0...50 dBm 3 standing wave ratio range 10...100. The actual SWR is 0.1 * the given value. Value 255 (hex 0xFF) indicates that SWR is not measured 4 bit error rate value of the diversity branch 1 The value is BCD coded and the decimal point is after the fourth byte: XXXX.XXXX 00000 ... 1000000 5 measured RX sensitivity value of the diversity branch 1 Indicates the absolute value of the signal level. range ()85...(-)118 dBm 0 (the receiver sensitivity is less than can be measured) 254 (could not be measured) 255 (sensitivity is better than minumum TXLEV) 6 bit error rate value of the diversity branch 2 The value is BCD coded and the decimal point is after the fourth byte: XXXX.XXXX 00000 ... 1000000 7 measured RX sensitivity value of the diversity branch 2 Indicates the absolute value of the signal level. range (-)85...(-)118 dBm 0 (the receiver sensitivity is less than can be measured) 254 (could not be measured) 255 (sensitivity is better than minimum TXLEV) Instructions 1. Use the MML command UCV to check that the threshold values of result parameters are reasonable ZUCV:TRP,CURRENT; Change THE threshold values if they are not reasonable. 2. If the previous action fails to remove the fault, contact your local Nokia Customer Service Center.

Company Confidential
7 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7753 TRX LOOP TEST FAILED

Meaning A scheduled or a single TRX loop test failed. The test fails when an error rate value of the result parameter is exceeded. The TRX's traffic capacity has probably decreased.

Supplementary information fields

1 number of the diversity branch tested 1 = diversity branch 1 2 = diversity branch 2 2 identifier of radio time slot tested 0 .. 7 3 bit error ratio. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 4 bit error ratio for 2nd class bits. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 5 frame error ratio. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 6 RX quality parameter. The value is BCD coded 0 .. 7. Instructions 1. Check that the threshold values of result parameters are reasonable. 2. Check if the base station to be tested has frequency hopping on. If it does, set it off. See instructions on Base Transceiver Station Handling in BSC. After that, execute the TRX test to all the TRXs in the BTS. 3. Execute a single TRX test to the alarming TRX.
Company Confidential
8 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7717 WORKING HALF RATE TCH RATIO BELOW THRESHOLD

Meaning The radio network configuration and failure management has detected that the ratio between the number of half rate traffic channels in the cell in normal working state (UNLOCKED-WORKING) and the number of unlocked half rate traffic channels in the cell is below the defined threshold. Only one alarm per cell is possible. Object of the alarm is the BTS which has the BCCH timeslot. Supplementary information fields 1 N = normal TRX E = extended range TRX Instructions Check why half rate traffic channels in the cell in normal working state (UNLOCKEDWORKING) or unlocked half rate traffic channels in the cell are out of use. If the reason is a faulty TRX, correct the fault. This increases the number of channels in normal working state, and the alarm is removed automatically. The BSC-specific threshold value of the alarm can be changed with the MMI command EEQ. The new threshold value takes effect as soon as the ratio of the channels changes, for example, when the administrative state of the TRX is changed, or the TRX's operative state changes. The following formula is used in calculating the ratio: ( number of WO and BL-SHD half rate and dual rate traffic channels in the cell/ number of all half rate and dual rate traffic channels in the cell excluding those in BL-USR state ) * 100
Company Confidential
9 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7604 BTS OPERATION DEGRADED

Meaning Major fault (or faults) has occurred in a unit (or units) that belong to the sector indicated in the alarm. The fault reason can be read from the supplementary text field of the alarm. Supplementary information fields 1-6 XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1) rack (cabinet) number 4) type of unit 2) shelf number 5) unit number 3) slot 6) subunit number For more information, see Alarm Structure Instructions METROSITE: Other fault reasons Instructions: 1. Check whether either of the following alarms is active: 7606 TRX FAULTY 7607 TRX OPERATION DEGRADED and follow the instructions given for the active alarm(s). ULTRASITE: Fault reason: Remote tune combiner temperature is dangerously high. Instructions: 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is within specified limits. 2. Check the cabinet fans. 3. Replace the RTxx. Note: An alarm is activated when the RTxx unit internal temperature exceeds +70C. Fault reason: Remote tune combiner temperature is low. Instructions: 1. Ensure that the ambient temperature of the base station is within specified limits. 2. Check that the heater is working properly if equipped. 3. Replace the RTxx. Note: An alarm is activated when the RTxx unit internal temperature is below -10C. Fault reason: Rx levels differ too much between main and diversity antennas. Instructions: 1. Check the RSSI measurements by BTS Manager. 2. Check and measure the antenna lines. 3. Check the BTS RF cables and connections. 4. Replace the combiner unit. Check that the RXDL parameter at the BSC is set to a reasonable value, taking into account the site conditions in order to prevent unnecessary alarms. 5. Replace the TSxx unit. Other fault reasons Instructions: 1. Check whether either of the following alarms is active: 7606 TRX FAULTY 7607 TRX OPERATION DEGRADED and follow the instructions given for the active alarm(s).
Company Confidential
10 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7741 MEAN HOLDING TIME ABOVE DEFINED THRESHOLD

Meaning The mean holding time on the channel specified exceeds the operator-defined threshold during the measurement period. The alarm is used to supervise the functioning of the traffic and signalling channels. It reveals unreleased calls. Supplementary information fields 1 subchannel identification 00 - 01: TCH/H subchannel F0 : TCH/F subchannel C0 - C7: SDCCH subchannel 2 mean holding time on the channel in minutes 3 number of seizures on the channel during the measurement period 4 shortest seizure on the channel during the measurement period in seconds Instructions Find out whether the channel seizure that caused the alarm is a real call or an unreleased channel. Use the service terminal command S:&lt;bts_id&gt;,&lt;trx_id&gt;, B,&lt;status = 20gt;; RRMPRB states are on CH STA column: 0=DISC 10=IDLE 20=BUSY FF=CBCH ABIPRB states are on the last column of the output row: 0 = blocked 1 = free 2 = signalling 3 = conversation 4 = not in use 5 = CBCH Compare the channel state in RRM and ABI to determine whether the channel is unused but unreleased. In the case of an unreleased channel, if it is a traffic channel, restore the channel by first locking it out of use and then unlocking it (TCH lock/unlock). Use the MML command ERS and give the TRX and the channel as parameters. ZERS:<BTS>,<TRX>,<CH>:L; lock ZERS:<BTS>,<TRX>,<CH>:U; unlock If it is a signalling channel, restore the channel by locking and then unlocking the whole TRX (TRX lock/unlock). Use the MML command ERS and give the TRX as a parameter. Check that the parameters affecting the alarm are reasonable. MML command EEO outputs the radio network supervision parameter values, EEN command modifies the parameter values. Parameters, with their default values, affecting the alarm: ZEEN:MAXHTT= maximum mean holding time for TCH (120 min) MAXHTS= maximum mean holding time for SDCCH (30 min) PRDMHT= length of TCH supervision measurement (240 min) PRDMHS= length of SDCCH supervision measurement (60 min)

Company Confidential
11 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7759 BTS SYNCHRONIZATION SETTING FAILED

Meaning The setting of BTS synchronization has failed. BTS synchronization may be lost. In the synchronized BSS the LMU equipment is used as a synchronization source for BTS. This alarm may affect the provided services. Supplementary information fields 1 type of Location Measurement Unit the fault is associated with 2 identification of Location Measurement Unit the fault is associated with

Instructions
Restart BCF by locking and unlocking it with the MML command EFS to cause new frame number offset setting to BCF. When the BCF is restarted the system cancels all alarms affecting the BCF, and, if necessary, sets them again.

Company Confidential
12 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7754 ANTENNA LOOP TEST FAILED

Meaning A scheduled or a single antenna loop test failed. The test fails when an error rate value of the result parameter is exceeded. The TRX's traffic capacity has probably decreased. Supplementary information fields 1 number of the diversity branch tested 1 = diversity branch 1 2 = diversity branch 2 2 identifier of radio time slot tested 0 .. 7 3 bit error ratio. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 4 bit error ratio for 2nd class bits. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 5 frame error ratio. The value is BCD coded and a decimal point is after the fourth digit: XXXX.XXXX 00000000 .. 01000000 6 RX quality parameter. The value is BCD coded 0 .. 7. 7 standing-wave ratio. The value is between 10 .. 100 in the alarm. The real SWR is 0.1 * incoming value Instructions 1. Check that the threshold values of result parameters are reasonable. 2. Check if the base station to be tested has frequency hopping on. If it does, set it to off. See Base Transceiver Station Handling in BSC. After that, execute the TRX test to all the TRXs in the BTS. 3. Execute a single antenna loop test to the alarming TRX.
Company Confidential
13 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7941 TX ANTENNA PERFORMANCE DEGRADED

Meaning The standing wave ratio of the TX-antenna is above the adjustable lower alarm level. The antenna adjustment is unbalanced. Calls can still be maintained. This alarm can also be caused by snow and ice on the antenna. AFE Transmitting The antenna filter unit (AFE) combines one or two transmitters to one single transmitting antenna. The AFE also filters transmitter signals to reach better signal quality. Receiving The antenna filter unit (AFE) filters and amplifies the signal received from the receiving antenna. The amplified output signals are connected to the receivers of the BTS. Each AFE contains two low noice amplifiers (LNA), one for the main and one for the diversity receiving path. One LNA contains two different amplifier branches. The LNA is out of order if both of those amplifier branches are faulty. Supplementary information fields 1-6 XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1) rack (cabinet) number 4) type of unit 2) shelf number 5) unit number 3) slot 6) subunit number See alarm instructions. Instructions Check the operation of the AFE unit, antenna, and cabling between the AFE unit and antenna. Replace the faulty unit. The alarm level is adjustable in the HW database.

Company Confidential
14 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7942 TX ANTENNA FAULTY

Meaning The standing-wave ratio of the TX antenna is above the higher alarm level. The antenna adjustment is badly unbalanced. Calls can not be maintained. This alarm can also be caused by an antenna failure. If there is no other AFE unit in the same BTS sector calls can not be maintained through this BTS sector. AFE Transmitting The antenna filter unit (AFE) combines one or two transmitters to one single transmitting antenna. The AFE also filters transmitter signals to reach better signal quality. Receiving The antenna filter unit (AFE) filters and amplifies the signal received from the receiving antenna. The amplified output signals are connected to the receivers of the BTS. Each AFE contains two low noice amplifiers (LNA), one for the main and one for the diversity receiving path. One LNA contains two different amplifier branches. The LNA is out of order if both of those amplifier branches are faulty. Supplementary information fields 1-6 XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1) rack (cabinet) number 4) type of unit 2) shelf number 5) unit number 3) slot 6) subunit number See alarm instructions. Instructions Check the operation of the AFE unit, antenna, and cabling between the AFE unit and antenna. Replace the faulty unit. The alarm level is adjustable in the HW database.
Company Confidential
15 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7830 FREQUENCY HOPPING OUT OF ORDER

Meaning The initialisation of the frequency hopping processor has failed. The BTS is unable to provide service. BCF The base control function (BCF) unit is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the BTS. The main functions of the BCF are: loading of the BTS operational file packets from the BSC to the BTS, initialising the BTS, continuous supervision of the BTS equipment, reporting faults to the BSC and testing and operating functions. The BCF is also the source of main clock pulses of the BTS. The BCF also controls the frequency hopping operations of the BTS. The connection of the BTS's user interface is at the front panel of the BCF unit. Supplementary information fields 1-6 XX XX XX XX XX XX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1) rack (cabinet) number 4) type of unit 2) shelf number 5) unit number 3) slot 6) subunit number See alarm instructions. Instructions Replace the faulty unit. Cancelling Do not cancel the alarm. The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
Company Confidential
16 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7745 Channel Failure Rate Above Defined Threshold - Alarm Description 7745 alarm is generated when the rate of calls terminating in failure on a channel is above the threshold value set by the operator.
The thresholds (parameters) for this alarm are (applied allover the network):
TCHFR = TCH failure rate (25 %) SCHFR = SDCCH failure rate (80 %) PRDCFR = length of supervision period (60 min)

CS = channel seizure threshold value (25)

SMBNT = supervision start time (06-00) EMBNT = supervision end time (24-00)

In short 7745 alarm will be triggered for TCH when:

There are minimum 7 TCH failures out of 25 TCH assignments in 1 hour on 1 particular TCH Time Slot.

Company Confidential
17 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

7745 Channel Failure Rate Above Defined Threshold - Alarm Description Continued..
7745 alarm for TCH is directly related to TCH failures. If, for whatever reason (reasons will be given in the next slides), TCH failures are high (over the threshold defined in the database) on a particular Time Slot, 7745 alarm will be generated. TCH Failures are as follows:
Call set-up failure: TCH failures during Call Setup Internal/External Handovers Source/Target Failure: TCH failures during Handovers Dropped Call: TCH failures during Call

Hence, this alarm is directly linked with our 3 KPIs CSSR, HOSR and DCR. Note that this alarm is not the cause of poor KPIs. It only shows that CSSR and/or HOSR and/or DCR is poor on a particular Time Slot. In other words, it is likely to see Alarm 7745 on segments where KPIs are poor.

Company Confidential
18 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Practical Cases/Examples Which Are Commonly Observed & Troubleshooted In Irancell Project

Company Confidential
19 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Problems/Cases Observed

High handover failure & low traffic in 900 band.

Track Down Process:
1.Poor link balance in 900 BCCH & NBCCH was observed from ND Report-208

2.In ND 196 the UL/DL good samples were per timeslot in the time slot were observed to be <90%

Company Confidential
20 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Fault Finding From ND 208

1.Poor link balance observed in 900 & 1800 Clearly Indicating problem With the IF Cable Between 900 & 1800

Conclusion:Problem With the IF Cable Between 900 & 1800 which was replaced & the problem was solved
Company Confidential
21 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Problems/Cases Observed

No Alarms but the TRXs not taking calls. CSSR,HOSR Gone down
Track Down Process: The UL/DL Quality was observed to be very poor in these particular TRXs from ND Report :196

Company Confidential
22 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Fault Finding From ND 196

The UL/DL Quality very poor in these particular TRXs

Conclusion: 1st TRX Soft Reset Was Given but the still the performance did not improve as well as the UL/DL quality also did not improve.Finaly the TRXs were replaced
Company Confidential
23 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Problems/Cases Observed

High TCH Drops & Low HOSR & CSSR:CHANNEL FAILURE RATE ABOVE DEFINED THRESHOLD on TRX 5 and 6

Track Down Process: 1.The UL/DL Quality very poor in these particular TRX:ND Report :196

2. In RX Statistics Report more number of samples observed in lower classes of RX Lev & more samples were observed in freq_dl_qual5,freq_dl_qual6 & freq_dl_qual7 .
Company Confidential
24 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Fault Finding From RX Statistics Report

More Number Of Samples Observed in poor Quality & weaker RX Lev Class ..Clearly indicating VSWR Problem

Conclusion: The Segment was checked for VSWR Issue & loose connection was found & rectified
Company Confidential
25 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials