Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Management
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MIS
IS
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Components of an Information Systems
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Components of an Information Systems
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Resources of An Information
Systems
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Employees
Corporate
Databases Corporate
databases
of intranet
of
external
internal
data
data Decision
support
systems
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People Resources
End users-accountants, salesperson, engineers, clerks,
customers, or managers.
IS Specialists-are people who actually develop and operate
information systems.
They include systems analysts, programmers, testers,
computer operators, and other managerial, technical, and
clerical IS personnel.
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Hardware Resources
Machines as computers and other equipment along with all data
media, objects on which data is recorded, from sheets of paper to
magnetic disks.
Computer systems, which consist of central processing units
containing microprocessors, and a variety of interconnected
peripheral devices. Examples are microcomputer systems,
midrange computer systems, and large mainframe computer
systems.
Computer peripherals, which are devices such as a keyboard or
electronic mouse for input of data and commands, a video screen
or printer for output of information, and magnetic or optical disks
for storage of data resources
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Software Resources
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Software Resources
System software, such as an operating system
program, which controls and supports the operations
of a computer system.
Application software, which are programs that
direct processing for a particular use of computers
by end users. Examples are a sales analysis
program, a payroll program, and a word processing
program.
Procedures, which are operating instructions for the
people, who will use an information system.
Examples are instructions for filling out a paper
form or using a software package.
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Data Resources
Data is raw material of information systems, database with criteria:
Comprehensiveness means, that all the data about the subject are
actually present in the database.
Non-redundancy means, that each individual piece of data exists
only once in the database.
Appropriate structure means, that the data are stored in such a
way as to minimize the cost of expected processing and storage.
The data resources of IS are typically organized into:
Processed and organized data-Databases
Knowledge in a variety of forms such as facts, rules, and case
examples about successful business practices.
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Network Resources
Telecommunications networks like the Internet, intranets, and
extranets.
Telecommunications networks consist of computers,
communications processors, and other devices interconnected by
communications media and controlled by communications
software.
Communications media
Network support- people, hardware, software, and data resources
that directly support the operation and use of a communications
network.
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS ACTIVITIES
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Input of Data Resources
Data about business transactions ,captured and prepared for
processing
data entry activities such as recording and editing.
End users typically record data, about transactions on some type
of physical medium such as a paper form, or enter it directly into
a computer system.
Variety of editing activities to ensure that they have recorded
data correctly.
Once entered, data may be transferred onto a machine-readable
medium such as magnetic disk or tape, until needed for
processing.
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Output of Information
Products
Information in various forms is transmitted to
end users and made available to them in the
output activity.
Common information products include
messages, reports, forms, and graphic
images, which may be provided by video
displays, audio responses, paper products,
and multimedia.
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Processing of Data into
Information
Data is typically subjected to processing
activities such as calculating, comparing,
sorting, classifying, and summarizing.
These activities organize, analyze, and
manipulate data, thus converting them into
information for end users
Quality of data,updation.
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Information Quality
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Storage of Data Resources
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Control of System Performance
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TYPES OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
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Types of IS
For most businesses, there are a variety of
requirements for information.
Senior managers need information to help with their
business planning.
Middle management need more detailed information
to help them monitor and control business activities.
Employees with operational roles need information
to help them carry out their duties.
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OSS
It produce a variety of information products for internal and
external use in an organization.
The role of a business firm's operations support systems is to
efficiently process business transactions, control industrial
processes, support enterprise communications and
collaboration, and update corporate databases.
Operation support systems again can be categorized as :
Transaction processing systems
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OSS Types
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MSS
When information systems focus on providing information and
support for effective decision-making by managers, they are
called management support systems.
Providing information and support for decision-making by all
types of managers (from top executives to middle managers to
project supervisors) is a complex task.
Conceptually, several major types of information systems
support a variety of managerial end user responsibilities :
Management information systems,
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MSS Types
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