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Lesson 6: The family in

the early childhood


program

prepared by Kinsley Ng Sen Fa, Segi College Penang, Program DECE


Today’s
parents
Increased numbers of working
women

Decreased family size. Extended


family gives way to nuclear family
Diversity in family
structure – single-
parent, teenage
pregnancy, divorced Multiple responsibility and demands on
parents the parents – stress and financial
burdens

Increased demand for


ECE program and Family is highly mobile
higher expectations on due to rapid
quality urbanization, cause
Isolation and
helplessness
Authoritative parenting

Authoritarian parenting
PARENTING
STYLES Indulgent/ permissive
parenting

Neglectful parenting
Authoritative parenting

•Child-center and democratic approach


•High-expectation of maturity and
compliance of parental rules
•However, allows open discussion and negotiation
•The parents set limit and demand maturity
•Allow children to develop maturity
•Attentive to children’s needs
__________________________________

•Children are cheerful, self-controlled and self-reliant


•Do well in school and have a high academic achievement
Authoritarian parenting

•High expectation of conformity / compliance


•Does not allow open discussion
•Restrictive and punitive
•Does not explain the reasoning for the rules
______________________

•Child lacks social competence / self –esteem


•Low academic achievement / curiosity
•Unhappy, fearful and anxious
•Some children openly defy their parents
Indulgent/ permissive
parenting

•Warm affect and few behavioral expectations


•Parents very involved but place few demands
•Children are rarely punished
_________________________
•Child is impulsive, have problem regulate behaviors / behave properly
•Probably domineering, self-centered, low in self-control and give-and-take attitude
•Low school achievement, maturity and social skills
•More likely to engage in misconduct and drug use
----------------------------------------
Remain close with parents in adulthood
Neglectful parenting

•Low in both warmth and control


•Parents disengaged and undemanding
_______________________
•Child develops insecure attachment
•Withdrawn behaviors and contradictory behaviors
•Low self-esteem, immature
•Probably develops antisocial behaviors (delinquency and truancy)
Insecurely attached
Securely
Resistant /
attached
ambivalent

Attachment

Insecurely attached Insecurely attached


detached / Disorganized /
avoidant disoriented
Is crucial to infants’ psychosocial
development

Is an emotional bond to
another person

Mothers who are available and


responsive to their infants’ needs
establish a sense of security

Separation distress: when separated Which creates a secure base


the child will become upset for the child to then explore
the world (exploration learning) and
return to their base
Securely
attached

Child’s characteristics
•Enthusiastic, persistent and cooperative
•Better in peer interactions
•More imaginative and symbolic play
•More highly developed social skills
•Easily soothed if upset

When separated from caregiver


•readily separates from the
Caregiver and engrossed in exploration
•Greets mother happily after reunited with mother
•Clearly prefers caregiver to stranger
Detached /
avoidant

When separated from caregiver


•Child avoids contact with mother especially at reunion
•Does not seek much contact from mother
but does not seek much contact
Resistant /
ambivalent

When separated from caregiver


• Child shows little exploration and is wary of stranger
•Greatly upset when separated from mother
but not reassured by mother’s returned or comfort
•Both seeks and avoids contact at different times
•May show anger toward mother at reunion
Disorganized
/ disoriented

•When separated from caregiver


•Dazed behaviors, confusion or apprehension.
•Show contradictory behavior patterns simultaneously,
•Such as moving towards mother while gazing away
Partnership
between home
and school
Teacher and
Increased
family benefits
student
– better
achievement –
understanding
reading and
of the child
mathematics

Decreased in Benefits of
discipline family-
problems –
bully and
involvement
delinquency
Improved
attendance and
curd truancy
Long term benefits for problems
children – elementary
through high school
Teacher- Parents
parents workshop
conference

Informal
exchange of Forms of
observation data family
involvement

Source of
Parents as
teaching
teaching aides,
materials, as
Field trips and volunteers
donors
special guests
Thank you for
your
attention!

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