Design of Canal Distributary with Hydraulic Fall

Design of Canal Distributary with Hydraulic Fall A Project

Submitted by Mohammad Asphaq Alam Gyanchand Arif Khan Ataur Rahman Danish Wasim Sabha Karim Under the Supervision of Dr. Saif Sayeed

Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Tecnhnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi- 110025

INTRODUCTION
Whenever,

the natural slope of the country is steeper than the longitudinal slope provided in the irrigation channel, the difference is adjusted by constructing vertical drops or falls at suitable intervals. The location of a fall on a channel depends on the topography of the country through which the channel passes. In case of the main canal which does no directly irrigate the any area the site of a fall is determined by consideration of economy in cost of excavation in the channel. In case of branch or distributary channel, the falls are located with consideration to command area.

Objective
Design

of Canal distributary with hydraulic fall structure must satisfy basic requirement. The two basic requirements:stability to prevent up thrust pressure and underground piping forms

Methodology
Hydraulic

design of canal falls Design of sharda type fall Above these two depend on the basis of meter and non-meter falls, flumed or unflumed falls

Types of Falls
Various

types of falls and different shapes, length and height of crest, have been tried one after other since the 19th century when large irrigation project like the Ganga, the Kaveri and the Eastern and Western canals were constructed

Ogee fall

An ogee curve (combination of convex and concave curve) provided for carrying canal water from higher level to lower level. Fall is recommended when natural ground surface suddenly changes to a steeper slope along the alignment of the canal. Fall consists of a concrete vertical wall and concrete bed. Over the concrete bed the rubble masonry is provided in the shape of ogee curve. Upstream and downstream of the fall is protected by stone pitching.

Rapid fall
When

slope of the natural ground surface is even and long. Consists of long glacis with longitudinal slope. Curtain walls are provided on the upstream and downstream side of the sloping glacis.

Trapezoidal notch fall

Body

wall is constructed across the canal. Body wall consists of several trapezoidal notches between side piers and intermediate piers. Notches are kept at the upstream bed level of canal. Body wall is constructed with masonry or concrete.

Vertical drop fall

Consists

of vertical drop wall constructed with masonry work. Water flows over the crest of wall. Concrete floor provided on downstream side to control scouring effect. Curtain wall provided on upstream and downstream side. This type falls provided at Sardar canal, UP. Hence known as sardar fall.

Design of distributary canal

A network of canals is required to carry water from source i.e headworks (storage reservoir or diversion weir) to destination ie fields. Classification of canals Based on size/source 1. Main canal 2. Branch canal 3. Major distributaries 4. Minor distributaries 5. Water course/field channel Based on alignment 1. Watershed canal 2. Contour canal 3. Side slope canal Based on canal surface 1. Rigid boundary canals 2. Loose boundary canals

Design of Fall
Irrigation

structures (or hydraulic structures) for the diversion and distribution works are weirs, barrages, head regulators, distributaries head regulators, cross regulators, cross drainage works, canal falls, etc. In north India, these structures are generally founded on alluvial soils which are highly pervious. Moreover, these soils are easily scoured when the high velocity water passes over the structures.

Conclusion

Survey Drawing selection of site and location