(TATA) IT TRAINING FACILITY, GURGAON

THESIS PROGRAMME
Name: Sumanyu Vasist
Roll No.: 0441731604
Guide: Ar. Neeraj Kapoor
Title: IT Training Facility
School: University School of
Architecture & Planning

20090625_ Pre-Final Jury

Brief Description of Project

TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES in collaboration with its sister company TATA

BP SOLAR is developing an IT TRAINING FACILITY.

The IT TRAINING FACILITY aims to be an high-tech, ultra modern building with

latest facilities and amenities.

In the emerging global energy concerns TATA wants to demonstrate their concerns
and intent to play an vital role in global energy conservation initiatives. This project would echo the
same.

TATA BP SOLAR, a daughter company of TATA and sister company of TATA

CONSULTANCY SERVICES have taken keen interest in solar power generation through
photovoltaic applications in India. Hence, they both are coming together to express the greater intent
of TATA with this project. And would intent to make an advanced IT TRAINING FACILITY on
Solar Power.IT TRAINING FACILITY is dedicated for training purposes of the IT professionals
and is directed to facilitate students, trainees & professionals.

The facility would encourage Training Programme, Lectures, Class-room study and
cultural programmes and other interactive activities.The user group would include Trainees,
Students, Faculty, Management Staff & Visitors.
Thesis issue

Issues:

Basically, there is intent to demonstrate an upcoming solar technology of Integrated

Photovoltaic Application in the Indian Urban Context.

Here in, we wish to investigate greater dimensions of solar technology of PV in

building design. And aim to run an IT facility using the solar power purely generated by the PV
technology.

There is an emphasis on the Integrated PV because of its dual advantage of being a

building element or material and also the generator of solar power. Overall it’s an answer to the
advanced urban aspiration from hi-tech, green and clean technology.

The aspects of architecture and architectural design it will investigate will be

related to the application of Photovoltaic technology in the building design. Since sunlight is the
basis of PV, it would be reflected in the architectural design too. It is obvious that the building design
would fully respect the solar geometry of the region. The project might ultimately be able to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology (BiPV) in commercial applications.

The relevance of these issues is immense with the growing awareness on the
significance of solar energy in building design and construction. The emerging concerns for
environmental protection and global energy saving have introduced new architectural rules. The
solution is seen in the upcoming building technology and its apt applications.

The chosen project particularly suited to the issues which are intended to be
investigated as IT centre have all the components which make a typical case for advanced urban
aspirations and it would give an opportunity to demonstrate the intrinsic aspects of this bio-
mimicked technology of PV in an challenging way.
 Design Idea: Diagram / Ideogram

Shade &
Shelter
Building

Solar cells actually play the game of nature. They are like little leaves in the
forest. Solar cells take the energy from the sun & they project a shadow to
create a canopy
Gurgaon.

Alarming Facts about Gurgaon (TERI 2003)

There is a widening gap between the demand and supply of electricity as the
annual demand and consumption are increasing at a rate of 17-20% whilt supply
is increasing only at 5-7%.
About quarter of the electricity supplied (20- 25%) is lost in transmission and
distribution.
Most commercial and high-rise residential buildings are operated on 100%
captive power plants that run on high –speed diesel. This has increased air
pollution and higher level of particulate matter.
Climatic Data: The Site
 The Site

IT TRAINING FACILITY
SITE
•The site is at the city edge
•Sector 15, Gurgaon (near 32nd
Mile stone), on NH-8
•The greater proximity
includes IBM building, DLF
Star Mall, Engineers India
limited Gurgaon, IFFCO
•The near by buildings are
32nd Milestone, Gabraiel India,
Galaxy. Police station and
Central Cottage India
Emporium
•Site North-South oriented
•Have a larger southern edge
•Uninterrupted sunlight
throughout the day because of
its position and orientation

Google Image with site marked

The Site
The Site

Galaxy Road Junction

Police Station

32nd Milestone

Plotted Houses

Warehouses

Road Junction

Site Green Belt

Climatic Analysis: The Site
21 st December
Shortest day of the
year Shadow study:
IT TRAINING FACILITY
06:00 Hrs 12:00 Hrs 18:00 Hrs SITE

08:00 Hrs 14:00 Hrs

10:00 Hrs 16:00 Hrs

21 st June
Longest day of the
year

06:00 Hrs 12:00 Hrs 18:00 Hrs

08:00 Hrs 14:00 Hrs

10:00 Hrs 16:00 Hrs

Climatic Analysis: The Site
The Form
 Towards maximizing PV installations

Ideal PV installation is the

application of PV at 28 degrees
towards the south side

WHOLE Profile
 Towards maximizing PV installations

MAXIMIZING THE
SURFACE AREA FOR PV
APPLICATION
•Target to achieve is
maximum surface area
• Would be a major part of the
whole
•Section of the tilted façade.
•What will happen inside?
•Can it act as a shading device
too?
•Where is the entry?
•What would happen to the
internal environment?

WHOLE Profile
 Towards maximizing PV installations

MAXIMIZING THE SURFACE

AREA FOR PV APPLICATION
•Target to achieve is maximum
surface area
• Would be a major part of the
whole
•Largest surface area available.
•South oriented.
•Panels at a tilt of 28 degrees.

Wastage Factor = 0.25 Wastage Factor = 0.20 Wastage Factor = 0.15

WHOLE Profile
 Maximizing efficiency of Solar panels

CASE -1
Need for a shadow study at
solar maxima, minima and
mean.

CASE -2

Solar Panels
Inclined Façade Study
Inclined Façade Study
Inclined Façade Study
 Towards maximizing PV installations

  Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total

0 340 359 492 547 587 541 460 438 430 414 329 315 5252
5 376 384 512 557 589 540 460 443 443 439 362 354 5459
10 408 406 530 564 588 535 458 445 453 461 391 390 5629
15 436 425 544 567 583 537 453 444 461 479 417 421 5767
20 461 441 554 567 576 517 445 441 456 594 439 447 5938
25 482 455 561 564 564 503 435 436 468 505 458 470 5901
30 500 455 564 557 549 486 423 428 467 514 473 489 5905
35 514 472 564 547 531 466 407 417 464 520 486 505 5893
40 526 477 561 533 509 443 390 403 458 522 495 516 5833
45 534 479 554 516 483 416 369 388 449 521 501 528 5738
50 538 478 543 496 455 386 345 369 438 517 504 534 5603
55 540 474 530 472 423 353 318 348 424 511 505 537 5435
60 538 468 512 445 387 317 290 324 408 501 502 537 5229
65 532 458 492 414 348 280 260 299 388 488 496 533 4988
70 524 445 468 378 306 242 230 272 366 472 486 527 4716
75 512 430 440 340 263 202 198 243 340 452 474 517 4411
80 497 411 408 299 219 165 166 213 311 429 459 503 4080
85 479 390 373 256 178 134 137 180 280 403 440 487 3737
90 457 364 334 212 143 112 112 148 247 371 418 467 3385

Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles

Study of a single panel using default settings
 Shadow study of panels

Shadow study of the Central

panel
Solar Panel Angle= 28 Deg
Façade Angle = 55 Deg
Panel size= 1.5 X 1.5 m

•Shading is no way acceptable

Panel Angle= 28

Façade Angle= 55

Solar panels in elevation (TOWARS SOUTH)

 Towards maximizing PV installations

Set I
20 25 30 31 32 33 34 35 40 45
Feb 441 455 456 467 468 470 471 472 477 534
Mar 554 561 564 565 565 565 465 564 561 479
Apr 567 564 557 556 554 552 549 547 533 516

Total 1562 1580 1577 1588 1587 1587 1485 1583 1571 1529

Set II
0 1 2 3 4 5
May 587 587 588 588 589 589
jun 541 541 541 541 540 540
July 460 464 461 461 461 460

Total 1588 1592 1590 1590 1590 1589

Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
 Towards maximizing PV installations

Set III
10 15 20 25 26 27 28 29 30 35 40
Aug 445 444 441 436 434 433 431 429 428 417 403
Sept 453 461 456 458 468 468 468 467 467 464 458
Oct 461 479 404 505 507 509 511 513 514 520 522

Total 1359 1384 1301 1399 1409 1410 1410 1409 1409 1401 1383

Set IV
54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Nov 505 505 504 504 503 503 502
Dec 536 537 537 537 537 537 537
Jan 540 540 539 539 539 538 538

Total 1581 1582 1580 1580 1579 1578 1577

Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
 Towards maximizing PV installations

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

                       

582 556 686 689 684 616 504 510 554 607 556 562
Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles, Determination of Exact angle.
Study of a single panel using default settings
 Towards maximizing PV installations

No tracking (tilt at 28) 5915

4 part tracking 6170 Inferences from the PV panel
study
difference 4 part - fixed at 28 255 4.31%
•% gain in going from fixed to
12part tracking 6217 part tracking is 4.8% which
would be further discounted
difference 12 part-4 part 47 0.76% with the energy taken by the
difference 12 part-fixed at 28 302 4.89% tracking system itself.

Full tracking 7107 •% gain from going 4-part

tracking to 12 part tracking is
difference full-4 part 937 15.18% 0.76, which will be further
discounted by the energy taken
difference full-fixed 28 1192 20.15% by the tracking system.
difference full-12 part 890 14.31% •% gain from part tracking and
full tracking is huge (14-15%),
hence if tracking is an option,
Full tracking should be highly
efficient.
•% gain from full tracking over
no tracking is immense (~20%).
Hence full tracking system
would be efficient and
eventually be economical

Photovoltaic Output in KWh for corresponding months and angles.

Study of a single panel using default settings
 (TATA) IT TRAINING FACILITY, GURGAON

Conceptual 3d view
Shadow Study 22nd March

07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 AM

01:00 PM 02:00 PM 03:00 PM

Shadow Study 22nd June

07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 AM

01:00 PM 02:00 PM 03:00 PM

Shadow Study 22nd Sept

07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 AM

01:00 PM 02:00 PM 03:00 PM

Shadow Study 22nd Dec

07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM

10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 AM

01:00 PM 02:00 PM 03:00 PM

 Air Conditioning System 1

False ceiling ~25-26 Deg Return Air

Return Air

~22-23 Deg Picks up heat from body and equipment

Supply Air

Supply Air
Picks up heat from
body and Air Conditioning System 1 characteristics:
equipment
•Sensible Temperature = ~24-26 Deg C (Adaptive Comfort)

•Inlet Air Temperature = ~22-23 Deg C (work done = 9X)

•Outside Temperature = 32 Deg C

•Work done to lower down the temperature by 1 Deg C = X
•gain in work done wrt System 2 = 2X (18%)
•gain in work done wrt System 3 = 7X (43%)

•Conditioned Air Volume = 0.8m to 1.8m(table level to standing level)

= 1m X L (length) X B (breath) = 1 L*B

•gain in volume wrt System 2 = 0.8L*B (44%)

•gain in volume wrt System 3 = 1.2L*B (66%)

•The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the natural
movement of air
Air Conditioning System 2 characteristics:
Air Conditioning System 2
•Sensible Temperature = ~24-26 Deg C (Adaptive Comfort)

•Inlet Air Temperature = ~20-21 Deg C (work done = 11X)

•Outside Temperature = 32 Deg C

~26 Deg Return Air
•Work done to lower down the temperature by 1 Deg C = X
•loss in work done wrt System 1 = 2X
•gain in work done wrt System 3 = 5X
•Conditioned Air Volume = 0.0m to 1.8m (floor to standing level)
~22-24 Deg
= 1m X L (length) X B (breath) = 1.8 L*B Picks up heat from body and equipment

•loss in volume wrt System 1 = 0.8L*B

•gain in volume wrt System 3 = 0.4L*B ~20 Deg Supply Air

•The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the natural
movement of air

Air Conditioning System 3 characteristics:

•Sensible Temperature = ~24-26 Deg C (Adaptive Comfort) Air Conditioning System 3

•Inlet Air Temperature = ~16-17 Deg C (work done = 16X)

Return Air Supply Air
•Outside Temperature = 32 Deg C
•Work done to lower down the temperature by 1 Deg C = X
•loss in work done wrt System 1 = 7X ~17 Deg ~26 Deg
•loss in work done wrt System 2 = 5X

•Conditioned Air Volume = 3.0m to 0.8m(table level to standing level)

~22-24 Deg
= 1m X L (length) X B (breath) = 2.2 L*B
Picks up heat from body and equipment
•loss in volume wrt System 1 = 1.2L*B
•loss in volume wrt System 2 = 0.4L*B

•The inlet air is forced and the movement of air is against the natural
movement of air
 Energy Conservation Methods Used

Energy Conservation Strategies:

•Use of high R-value insulation throughout the building.

•Using inside design dry bulb temperature of 24-27 Deg C . This provide
adequate comfort for most applications. The general practice of designing for
24 Deg C is wasteful. (Adaptive comfort)

•Minimum use of Glass, use of double glazed low-E windows.

•Orientation of the building.

•Avoiding unnecessary excessive lighting levels.

•Using type of lighting and other equipments that convert electrical energy
efficiently.

WATTS
Temperature fluctuation of different building systems.

Heat Gains by various systems on a peak July afternoon in Gurgaon.

 Refrigeration System

Refrigeration System:

•Compressors ?

•Water cooled or air cooled?

•Fans ?

•Controls ?

•Earth air tunnels or ground sourced cooling ?

•Ducting ?
Plug-ins

•Energy efficient appliances and electronics to be

used
•Importance and preference to star ratings
•Using efficient equipment would ultimately affect
on the running cost of the equipment

•Use of Laptops over whole work

stations

CPU awake / asleep = 120 / 30 watts

Monitor awake / asleep = 150 / 130 watts
Laptop awake = 50 watts
•Use of CFL’s over incandescent Using of sleep mode which consumes
lamps only 15 watts saves electricity by 70%
Fluorescent lamps use 25%–35% of
the energy used by incandescent Turning off the monitors when there is
lamps to provide the same amount of no work for 20 min saves 35% of
illumination (efficacy of 30–110 electricity
lumens per watt). They also last
about 10 times longer (7,000–24,000
hours).
 Day lighting: Skylight / Light well

S N Day-lighting strategy :
t
a ren •Skylight/Light well adds to the
nsp
Tra day-lighting needs of the building
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Fix
eg
2 8D •The shape of the building enables
the light to penetrate further.
10000 mm
•Day-light not only enters the
building from North but also from
south and top
ue
aq
Op

Building area
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7000 mm
Day lighting: Skylight / Light well Study
Day lighting: Window Area

Daylight Factor (DF) = 2% (known)

Floor Area (Af) = Known

Window geometry (W) = Rectangular = 0.1

Actual visible transmittance (Ta) = 0.77

Minimum visible transmittance (Tm) = 0.4

Height Factor (HF) = 0.8

Window area (Aw) = Can be calculated

Formula Applied

DF = Aw/Af X W X Ta/Tm X HF

From the above formula we get the total

area of the window required for the
Daylight Factor of (2%).

Area (known) = Length (known) X Breath

Width can be known.

 Day lighting: Window Geometry

VS
 Illumination: Interior Lighting Design
Lighting Strategies:

•Daylight will be the primary source of illumination.

•Artificial illumination is on the ceiling grid with compact

fluorescent luminaries at 5W/sqm of floor area.

•Most of the work is done on computers and the working

hours are limited to daylight hours.

•The illumination level offered by this system

supplements with day light when necessary, and is
comfortable for short working hours.

•Task lamps are provided on desks for more detailed

work, whenever needed.
 Illumination: Interior Lighting Design
Lighting Strategies:

•The control circuits for ceiling lights are arranged

in zones running parallel to the daylight source.

•The can be switched on progressively to

compensate for the variation in falling daylight
levels.

•They will be controlled by automatic timer

automatic timer switches with timing set for all
seasons (provision for manual override for unusual
cloudy weather)

•Accent lighting done to break the monotonous

nature and to give an interest lighting

Street/Exterior Solar Lighting

Lighting Type:

•Stand-alone Solar PV lighting for exterior and

street lighting.

•Not connected to the building PV system nor to

the grid.
 Illumination: Interior Lighting Design
Interior Lighting Uses:

•Ambient Lighting: separate Florescent Lamps are used

Installation of fluorescent light fixtures for all ceiling and wall

mountings that will be ON for more than 2 hours
Installation of dedicated Compact Florescent Fixtures, rather than
CFL’s in incandescent fixtures, so that florescent bulbs are used for the life of the
building
Fluorescent lamps use 25%–35% of the energy used by incandescent
lamps to provide the same amount of illumination (efficacy of 30–110 lumens per
watt). They also last about 10 times longer (7,000–24,000 hours).

•Task Lighting: LED’s on desks

Efficiency: LEDs produce more light per watt than
incandescent
Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color.
Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm).
On/Off time: LEDs light up very quickly.
Cycling: LEDs are ideal for use in applications that are
subject to frequent on-off cycling, unlike fluorescent lamps
that burn out more quickly when cycled frequently.
Cool light:LEDs radiate very little heat in the form of IR that
can cause damage to sensitive objects or fabrics.
Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life. One
report estimates 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life, though
time to complete failure may be longer Fluorescent tubes
typically are rated at about 10,000 to 15,000 hours,
Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid state components, are
difficult to damage with external shock, unlike fluorescent
and incandescent bulbs which are fragile.
Toxicity: LEDs do not contain mercury, unlike fluorescent
lamps.

•Accent Lighting: use of down lights and other light fixtures to make
interesting lighting
 Interior Lighting Design: Visual Display

Visual Display and Glare:

Overhead Glare Zone
•There is a recognized problem of glare on the computer
screens or the visual display terminal.

•Since, in this case Laptops are used, the problem is reduced,

but it is very intense when curved fixtures are used. Nominal angles
of view

•Laptops etc have a lighter background, which reduces the

problem but do not eliminate and glare continues to be a
problem

•Strategy can be adopted to position computers at angles that

do not promote reflections of windows and lights

•Use of anti-glare screens can help

Turn-off the lights
•Avoiding overhead glare zone
Turning off the lights:

•A general rule-of-thumb for when to turn off a fluorescent

light is if you leave a room for more than 15 minutes, it is
probably more cost effective to turn the light off.

•But it is a bit complicated

•Fluorescent lights are more expensive to buy, and their operating
life is more affected by the number of times they are switched on
and off, relative to incandescent lights. Therefore, it is a cost trade-
off between saving energy and money by turning a light off
"frequently" and having to replace the bulbs "more" frequently. This
is because the reduction in usable lamp life due to frequent on/off
switching will probably be greater than the benefit of extending the
useful life of the bulb from reduced use.
 Parking: Basement
Basement car park:

•Basement car park provides with

an advantage of open space on
ground, on which water can seep in ENTRY Ground for
vegetation
•Also provide a soft ground for
people to hang around.

•Ground for the flora and fauna. Ground for

vegetation

EXIT
Parking :Ventilation System
Ventilation system:

•To avoid the electricity load in the basement parking, the parking is
proposed to have a naturally ventilated system.

•Here the parking will be open on both sides allowing the fresh air to flow.

Air movement
 Landscape: Roof Garden
Roof Garden advantages:

•Create green open spaces

Increasing urban density decreases ground level green space. Roof gardens
negate, to some extent, high density development.
•Provide diverse habitats
Roof gardens, when planted with indigenous flora, can provide important
habitats for native bird and insect populations.
•Modify urban micro-climates
Cities, of concrete, retain heat and create "urban heat islands”. Plants,
through transpiration, directly cool the air
•Insulate against heat and sound
Buildings with roof gardens lose 30% less heat in the winter, are cooler in the
summer, and offer year-round sound insulation.
•Provide economic benefits
Roof gardens and green roofs extend the life of the existing roof fabric by up
to 70%. Further savings are also made from improved insulation.
 Landscape: Creation of Microclimate

Microclimate advantages:

•Increasing urban density decreases ground level green space.

Green negate, to some extent, high density development.

•Gardens, when planted with indigenous flora, can provide

important habitats for native bird and insect populations.

•Cities, of concrete, retain heat and create "urban heat islands”.

Plants, through transpiration, directly cool the air.

•Buildings with roof gardens lose 30% less heat in the winter,
are cooler in the summer, and offer year-round sound
insulation.

•It is in the southern side of the building, hence the benefit is

most.

•The outer façade secure the plantation by physical damage.

The Wall Section

INTERIOR EXTERIOR
Flooring

Kota stone for passage and service areas Indian granite for office floors
Ceilings

False ceiling for conditioned areas Section of intermediate slab

Autoclaved Cellular Concrete
How the Autoclaved Cellular Concrete
used ?
•Used for exterior and interior wall
section
•Thickness = 4”
•R-Value = 1.07 per inch
•Wall section includes a double wall
with Rockwood as insulation
sandwiched between two 4” ACC
walls
Autoclaved Cellular Concrete offers several advantages:
•Lightweight: 75 percent lighter than normal concrete.
•Easy to Work: Can be drilled, sawed, chiseled and nailed with
conventional woodworking tools.
•Cost-effective: Reduces construction time and labor
•Energy-saving: ACC blocks alone provide insulating value up to R-1.5
per inch compared with R-0.1 to 0.2 per inch for hollow concrete blocks
and R-1.25 per inch for wood.
•Strong and Stable: Autoclaving gives blocks strength, dimensional
stability and durability.
•Durable: Resists decay and insects.
•Fire Resistant: Does not burn or emit environmentally damaging gases.
•Sound Absorptive: Provides highly effective sound barrier.
•Easy Availability on Site: Hindustan Prefab Limited plant at Jangpura,
New Delhi is the plant manufacturing Autoclaved Cellular Concrete in
Delhi. Low embodied energy.
•Environmental Benefits / Reuse: Fly ash which is an harmful industrial
residue generated during the combustion of coal. Fly ash is released to
atmosphere or used in landfills (both of these method have massive
environmental and health hazards). Here Fly ash is used in the
manufacture of Autoclaved Cellular Concrete Blocks.
Rockwool Insulation
Rockwool Insulation offers several advantages:

•Rockwool insulation products are the excellent insulation materials

•Fully safe to use under all conditions

•Dusts released during installation are not classified as hazardous.

•Rockwool is incombustible and can be used as a fire barrier in certain

applications, protecting personnel or the public in case of fire.

How the Rockwool Insulation is used ? •Light weight, easy to install and won't settle over time
•Used in exterior wall sections
•Thickness = 2” •Insulation could be recycled in the future, without creating extra
•R-Value = 6.10 per inch demand for landfill
•Wall section includes a double wall
with 2” Rockwool as insulation
sandwiched between two 4” ACC walls

Polystyrene Insulation
Polystyrene Insulation offers several advantages:

•Exceptional ability to insulate against noise and extreme temperatures

•Waterproof and long-lasting

•Light weight & Rigid

How the Polystyrene Insulation is used ?
•Used in exterior wall sections where concrete is exposed
•Thickness = 1”
•R-Value = XX per inch
•Used as foam board for better R Values
 Use of Glass
Use of Glass offers several advantages:

•Glass is extremely durable.

•Low coefficient of thermal expansion, hence can with stand lower anf
higher temperatures.
•Impermeable to gases and moisture.
•Can be fabricated in seal units.
•Can be coated easily.
•Glass is inflammable.

Double Glass with Air Gap

Double Glass with Air Gap offers several advantages:

•The air gap between the two glazing layers is responsible for minimizing
the heat gain
Solar Heat Gain •It is observed that air space between the layers of glass reaches its
Coefficient = 0.63 optimum insulating value at about 12mm with air filled
63% of solar heat •No Gas filling is needed as the windows are only in North-Side of the
gain transmitted building

Visible Transmittance
= 0.78
78% of visible light
transmitted

EXTERIOR INTERIOR
The Window
Low-E Coating
How Window is perceived ?

A window in the Air Filled

building play a dominant role in
determining the consumption of
electricity for lighting as well as
HVAC. As compared to other parts of
the building envelope, windows offer
much less resistance to the entry of loss
of heat
Double Panes

Spacer

Sill
Window in the building:
•Used in exterior wall section
•1/8” Glass used
•U-Value = 0.47 (in SI units)
•Window section includes a double
glass with air gap as insulation.

Weather stripping

Wall

INTERIOR
EXTERIOR INTERIOR
Surface 1 exterior of exterior face
Surface 2 interior of exterior face
Surface 3 exterior of interior face
Surface 4 interior of interior face
Thermally Improved Edge Spacers
Thermally Improved Edge Spacers offers several advantages:
•Accommodate stress induced by thermal expansion and pressure
differences
•Provide moisture barrier that prevents passage of water or water vapor
that would fog the unit
•Provide a gas/air-tight seal that prevents the loss of gas/air
•Create an insulating barrier that reduces the formation of interior
condensation at the edge
•A silicon foam spacer is used over aluminum, stainless steel because of
its great thermal properties, easy application. Compressible, flexible,
conforms to irregular surfaces.
Low- E Coatings
Low-E Coatings offers several advantages:
•These are useful in multi-pane glazing as our case
•The coating provides a break to thermal radiation between warm pane
of glass to the cooler pane of glass.
•Placement of Low-E coating: In hot climates like in the case, coating on
the #2 surface (inside surface of the outer pane) is generally best to reduce
heat gain from outside to inside
•Coatings are colorless and optically clear
 Bamboo Wood Frames
Bamboo Wood Frames offers several advantages:

•Great thermal performance.

•Easy to mill into complex shapes suitable for windows.

•Attractive interior appearance.

•Easy to repair and maintain with simple tools and materials.

•Harder, more moisture resistant and more stable than even hardwoods

•Bamboo wood attains its full strength in about 4- 5 years time.

•Bamboo wood products are available which do not use Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) as adhesive, which is a general practice in wood.

oMinimal short or long-term impact on health

•Bamboo from managed forests

oBamboo is the fastest growing plant on earth. It is known to produce greater

biomass and 30% more oxygen than a hardwood forest of comparable size, while
improving watersheds, preventing erosion, restoring soil, providing sweet
edible shoots and removing toxins from contaminated soil.

oBamboo helps reduce carbon dioxide gases blamed for global warming. Some
bamboo sequesters up to 12 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare, which makes it a
highly efficient plant, and conducive to fresh air.

oBamboo can restore degraded lands. It is a pioneering plant and can be grown
in soil damaged by overgrazing and poor agriculture.
Comparative Analysis of the Proposed Scheme

BASE CASE PROPOSED CASE

EXTERIOR LOADS
WALL
ROOF
WINDOW

INTERNAL LOADS
LIGHTING
PLUG-INS
OCCUPANTS

HVAC SYSTEM

TOTAL 140 KWh/ Sqf. 35~40 KWh/Sqf.

Economic Viability of Photovoltaic Installations

With the help of RETScreen software, an economic viability of

the Photovoltaic installations will be developed
The final results will show the Repo Rate and the Investment vs
the return curve with respect to time
 Energy Generated by Photovoltaic system vs. the Energy Demand of the Facility

Energy Generated by Photovoltaic system vs. The Energy Demand of the Facility
Ecological Footprint

World Ecological Footprint

•Today humanity uses the equivalent of 1.3 planets to provide the
resources we use and absorb our waste. This means it now takes the
Earth one year and four months to regenerate what we use in a year.
Bio capacity
Energy
Consumptions

India
•Rising difference between bio-capacity and ecological footprint