BENGAL

Nirvaan Ghosh A1904010018

 Lack of stone in deltaic zone, so brick is used invariably Employ arches, vaults and domes, learnt from islamic precedents Curving towered form, called Deul, borrowed from Orissa

 Bengal is situated in the alluvial plains of the ganga Traditionally Dependant on the Ganga and

Precedents for Temple Architecture of Bengal

Temple At Mathurapur
It is a simple 12 sided Deul It incorporates a small domed sanctuary The entire external surface is covered with horizontal bands framing terracotta friezes depicting mythical scene A typical deul is a curving tower form, which derives from the Nagara style Shikara in North India The Shikhara was itself derived from putting layer upon layer of gavakshas and horizontal panels, which was initially pyramidal in composition and then gradually became curvilinear , either inspired by Palkis or the roof of the village hut.

Tribal Origins of Soceity

Temporary Structures : Pandal building

Bengali Hut

BENGALI ROOF

 Rural Architecture :
has its distinct characteristics as regards planning, use of materials and locations. subject to change, but often clings to tradition. using locally available materials. late nineteenth century , rural architecture began to change both structurally and in the use of housing materials.

Built without formally trained professionals. Buildings were built by local construction workers, typically consisting of mistris (carpenters, roof builders), rajmistris (masons) and kamlas (helpers) together with household or community members. Construction skills were learnt through experience. Inter-generational transmission and design decisions were communicated verbally. Despite not being the designed product of a professional architect, such buildings continued to accommodate and serve the needs of the great majority of the population. In that sense, and being such a significant part of the built environment, such buildings represented a fundamental form of architecture that had evolved according to context-specific characteristics and resources.

SOMAPURA MAHAVIHARA

TERRACOTA ARCHITECTURE

BENGAL
1 It was conquered by the sultanate of delhi (c 1204) and became independent after the death of Bulban. 2 The principal construction material was the brick. 3 Stones were used for pillars that supported the arches or domes and to dress the exterior walls often cut into slabs and skillfully decorated. 4 Voults and domes were massive and supported by arches or spherical triangles that were emphasised with fancy brickwork.

DAKHIL DARWAZATriumphal arch

18M

40M

FRONT VIEW A:On the south ExteriorB:On the south -FrontC:Inside D:On the north Exterior-

PLAN

ENTRANCE

DAKHIL DARWAZA
1. A brick building at gaur at the time of rukh-al-din barbak

2. The true entrance connected with a large arch inside is a huge and deep arcade forms a central passage with thick wall each with 4 doors

DETAIL OF BRICK WORK AT DAKHIL DARWZA

ADINA MOSQUE
1 Pandua .it was founded by Sikander started the construction of great Adina mosque 2.It was built on orthodox lines in as much as the courtyard(130 x 45m) is contained between the usual pillared base ,five arches deep on the west where the shrine was and three on the other side with a total of 260 pillars . 3.The entire complex is surrounded by a wall. 4.The interior of the courtyard is made up of 88 arches forming a continous facade which is surrounded with a parapet beyond which are to be seen the 306 domes of the roof. 5.The main entrance of mosque is made up of 3 arches opens on the south eastern corner 6.The upper part of the building is supported by series of arches mounted on short powerful pillars with square plinths .

PANDUA:ADINA MOSQUE
A:Central IwanB:Mihrab C:Exterior (North EastSouth) D:Exterior (West-the rear side-) E:Arround courtyard

PLAN OF ADINA MOSQUE

EXTERIORS OF ADINA MOSQUE 3:MINBAR IN ADINA MOSQUE 1:CENTRAL MIHRAB

87

154.5

CENTRAL IWAN 2:MINBAR:UPPER PART

EXTERIOR

3 EXTERIOR-WEST THE REAR SIDE

VIEW

EKLAKHI TOMB
25M A- From the south B-From the East C-From the south(interiors) 8m B: FROM EAST

PLAN

18M

23M

From south east

ENTRANCE A: FROM SOUTH

From southwest

C: FROM SOUTH(INTERIORS)

1.It is 8 m high and built entirely in bricks it consist of square base 25 x 23 m and surrounded by beautiful hemisphere dome.

2. The tomb chamber in the interior is an octagonal room more than 15 m wide.

VIEW OF CHOTA SONA MASJID

CHOTA SONA MASJID

CUPOLAS

16M

PLAN
25M

VIEW OF GUNMANT MOSQUE

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
The chota sona masjid occupied a rectangle of 25mX 16m Its 15 cupolas were supported over 8 stone columns The mass of brick was only perforated for typical Bengali drop arch . The original stone finishing of Gunmant mosque was stripped of for restoration of chota sona mosque

MOSQUE IN MARDA the Atiya mosque, in Bangladesh

Khushbagh, Murshidabad

Kusumba mosque, in Bangladesh

BENGAL ROOF IN TOMB ARCHITECTURE

Ibrahim Danishmand's tomb complex at Mograpara Khan Jahan's at Bagerhat, dated 863 AH (1459 AD

TOMB OF FATH KHAN mausoleum of Bahram Saqqa at Burdwan

TOMB OF ANWAR SHAHEED

BENGAL ROOF IN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE

The Bengal Roof in the Architecture of other States

Temple Traditions of Bengal

Very simply described, the temple architecture of Bengal, most commonly resembles that of the mud plastered thatched huts dotting the landscape of the region which may have one, two, four or eight layers of slanting rounded roofs. Jor Bangla temples are two roofs of huts adjoining each other. Simple yet elegant, these mud baked brick temples, also have sculpted images on the mud walls and on the mud bricks. Examples include the Jor Bangla temple and the Madan Mohan temple at Bistupur and the Shree Dhar temple at Sonamukhi in Bankura district. Images from the story of Krishna are seen on the pillars and walls of the Jor Bangla temple at Bistupur. Several different types of temples, some heavily ornamented - are seen in the district of Bankura. Temples near the boder of the state with Orissa, show a distinct influence of the temple culture of Orissa both in architecture and in tradition.

Kamakhya Devi Temple

 The most famous temple of Assam Follows not one but various strands of the temple Architecture traditions Among the forms visible are hut like shapes, deul towers and small hut shaped pinnacles

Bengali Drop Arch