TCP/IP PROTOCOLS

Neha Sharma Cse-b Roll no-1

Content
Introduction History TCP IP TCP/IP Model Conclusion Reference

Introduction
TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet. TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (like computer) should be connected to the Internet , and how data should be transmitted between them.

History
TCP/IP model , also known as the Department of Defense ( DoD ) model , was created by the DoD . When they developed the TCP/IP protocol suite their goal was to provide reliable networking and data integrity in current networking community.

TCP
TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the network TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol TCP is responsible for breaking data into IP packets before they are sent , and for assembling the packets when they arrive

IP
IP stands for Internet Protocol IP takes care of the communication with other computers IP is responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over the Internet IP is a Connection less communication protocol

IP Addressing
An IP address is a 32-bit address . The IP addresses are unique . If a protocol uses N bits to define an address , the address space is 2N . IP address can be represented in following forms - Binary Notation - Dotted decimal Notation - Hexadecimal Notation

TCP/ IP Model
The TCP/IP model is one of the two most common network models, the other being the OSI model. The TCP/IP model of networking is a different way of looking at networking. Because the model was developed to describe TCP/IP, it is the closest model of the Internet, which uses TCP/IP.

Layers of OSI and TCP/IP model

Application Layer
This layer combines functionalities of the top three layers of the OSI model. It may also be called Process/Application layer The Application Layer sends to ,and receives data from , the Transport Layer The protocols that work on Application Layer are - Domain name system(DNS) - Hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) - File transfer protocol (FTP)

Transport Layer
Transport layer corresponds with the Transport layer of the OSI model It is also known as the Host-to Host layer The Transport Layer sends data to the Internet layer when transmitting and sends data to the Application layer when receiving

Internet Layer
The Internet layer corresponds with the Network layer of OSI model The Internet layer provides connection-less communication across one or more networks The Internet layer communicates with the Transport layer when receiving and sends data to the Network Access layer when transmitting

Network Access Layer

This layer corresponds with the Data Link and Physical Layers of the OSI model The Network Access Layer provides access to the physical network This Layer transmits data on physical network when sending and transmits data to the Internet Layer when receiving.

Conclusion
Now ,that we've discussed some of the major components of networks and TCP/IP, you have the necessary background to examine the more critical issues of security in a converged environment.

Reference
Internet Douglas comer ,Internet networking with TCP/IP W . Richard Stevens ,TCP/IP Illustrated