TSP 5043 (CURRENT TRENDS & ISSUES IN

SCIENCE EDUCATION)

PREPARED FOR: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR

MARIA SALIH
 Introduction
Electromagnetic wave is the radiation
consisting of waves
of energy associated with electric and
magnetic fields
resulting from the acceleration of an
electric charge.

We should know that all

station of radiation use
electromagnetic waves
where electromagnetic
waves are transverse
waves that travel at
the speed of light, c.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the
range of frequencies or wavelengths of
electromagnetic radiation, including
Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared,
Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays and
Gamma rays.

The spectrum with long wavelength is

radio waves (more than 106nm) and
Gamma rays is the shortest wavelength
We have all heard of the threats we face
from pesticides in our food and water, from
acid rain, from holes in the ozone, from
toxic waste that can't be safely disposed of.
But what about electromagnetic energy
fields?
Yes, electromagnetic fields of all kinds are
becoming a growing threat to our health
and well-being. And unlike some forms of
pollution, electromagnetic pollution exists
virtually everywhere.
Twenty-four hours a day we are exposed to
an alarming array of harmful
electromagnetic fields.
Insid e o ur h omes, w e are Out sid e o ur h ome, w e are
zap pe d by: zap pe d by:

Hair dryers Communication dishes

Electric jugs Industrial machines
Water heaters TV transmitters high
tension power lines
TV
and transformers
Radios
Broadcast frequencies
Desktop computers from radio and TV
Laptop computers Hand phone towers
Vacuum cleaners Electromagnetic fields
Microwave ovens generated by cars
Hand Phones
Microwaves Oven
Radiation from Emitter
Station
Television
o Disclosure to antenna continuously will get
emit radiation to our body, normally
involved head.

o The signals sent out while users are

communicating through their hand phones
can attract lightning bolts.

o If a people who talking hand phone for a

long period, this person has higher possible
feels headache.

o Electromagnetic caused brain cancer.

A lecturer from Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Dr Ishak Arif told Berita Harian that hand
phones used radio frequencies
electromagnetic waves of between
9,900MHz and 1.2GHz, while 3G phones
used 3GHz or more.

He said lightning that carried thousands of

volts could pass through a person within
seconds, resulting in instant death. Dr.
Ishak advised hand phone users to switch
them off during thunderstorms. At the
same time, hand phone casings that have
metal parts can also attract lightning.
Three doctors describe the case of a 15 year
oldBritish Medical
girl who wasJournal
struckOfbyThelightning
Risk Of Using
while
Handhand
using Phones Outdoor
phones in aDuring
large Stormy
park inWeather.
London
during stormy. She was resuscitated, but
unfortunately one year later she suffered
complex physical, cognitive and emotional
problems.

Explanation:
If someone is struck by lightning, the high
resistance of human skin results in lightning
being conducted over the skin without
entering the body.

They found three cases reported in

newspapers in China, Korea, and Malaysia, all
resulting in death.
They show how to cook an egg with hand
phones. It is possible to boil an egg by
using the radiation that is emitted by our
hand phones.

Result:
At the 65-minute, one of the cell phones
ran out of power, they cracked open the
egg and found it was cooked to the
equivalent of a soft boil.

Explanation:
The secret of this impossible case is in the
electromagnetic wave that the hand
phones radiate.

I was started worry about is they my brain

starting to cook slowly, this is because I am
one of the person who use hand phone for
long period in a day.
As for now, we really don't know
whether hand phone waves can
cause any cancer.

3. Brooks Air Force Base in San

Antonio team
4. Australia team

5. Veterans Affairs Medical Center

in
California team
Used mice genetically engineered to
be susceptible to brain tumors. They
exposed the sample to microwaves
for 20 hours a day for 18 months;

Result:
They saw no increases in tumor rates.
The Australia team is reserving
judgment about the cancer link
until researchers in Australia have
repeated the original experiment
using the same strain of mice and
exposure conditions.

An even happier outcome would be

if microwaves turned out to be
good for you.
 They found that mice exposed
to electromagnetic for two
hours a day

Result:
Were less likely to develop brain
tumors
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic
energy, like light waves or radio waves, and
occupy a part of the electromagnetic
spectrum of power, or energy.

Microwaves are very short waves of

electromagnetic energy that travel at the
speed of light (186,282 miles per second).
In microwaves, these polarity changes happen millions of times every
second. Food molecules, especially the molecules of water, have a
positive and negative end in the same way a magnet has a north and a
south polarity.

As the microwaves generated from the magnetron bombard the food,

they cause the polar molecules to rotate at the same frequency, millions
of times a second. It creates molecular friction, which heats up the food.

The friction also causes substantial damage to the surrounding

molecules, often tearing them apart or forcefully deforming them. The
scientific name for this deformation is structural isomerism.
Microwaves from the sun are based on principles of pulsed direct
current (DC) that do not create frictional heat; microwave ovens
use alternating current (AC) creating frictional heat.

A microwave oven produces a spiked wavelength of energy with

all the power going into only one narrow frequency of the energy
spectrum.

Production of unnatural molecules is inevitable. Naturally

occurring amino acids undergo isomeric changes (changes in
shape morphing), as well as transformation into toxic forms,
under the impact of microwaves produced in ovens.
The bottle may seem cool to the touch, but the liquid inside may become
extremely hot and could burn the baby's mouth and throat.

The buildup of steam in a closed container, such as a baby bottle, could

cause it to explode.

Heating the bottle in a microwave can cause slight changes in the milk.

Dr. Lita Lee of Hawaii reported in the December 9, 1989 Lancet:

"Microwaving baby formulas converted certain trans-amino acids into their

synthetic cis-isomers. Synthetic isomers, whether cis-amino acids or
trans-fatty acids, are not biologically active. Further, one of the amino
acids, L-proline, was converted to its d-isomer, which is known to be
neurotoxic (poisonous to the nervous system) and nephrotoxic
(poisonous to the kidneys). It's bad enough that many babies are not
nursed, but now they are given fake milk (baby formula) made even more
toxic via microwaving."
The case involved a hip surgery patient, Norma Levitt, who died
from a simple blood transfusion. It seems the nurse had warmed
the blood in a microwave oven.

In the case of Mrs. Levitt, the microwaving altered the blood and it
killed her.

This form of microwave radiation "heating" does something to the

substances it heats. It's also becoming quite apparent that people
who process food in a microwave oven are also ingesting these
"unknowns".

Because the body is electrochemical in nature, any force that

changes human electrochemical events will affect the physiology
of the body
Microwaved food contains both molecules and energies not
present in food cooked in the way humans have been
cooking food since the discovery of fire.

Microwaves are produced from alternating current and force

a billion or more polarity reversals per second in every food
molecule they hit.

Naturally occurring amino acids have been observed to

undergo isomeric changes (changes in shape morphing) as
well as transformation into toxic forms, under the impact of
microwaves produced in ovens.
One short-term study found significant and disturbing changes in
the blood of individuals consuming microwaved milk and
vegetables.

Eight volunteers ate various combinations of the same foods

cooked different ways. All foods that were processed through the
microwave ovens caused changes in the blood of the volunteers.
Hemoglobin levels decreased and over all white cell levels and
cholesterol levels increased.

Luminescent (light-emitting) bacteria were employed to detect

energetic changes in the blood. Significant increases were found
in the luminescence of these bacteria when exposed to blood
serum obtained after the consumption of microwaved food.
Radiation from emitter
station
 Article
1) Topic : Hidup Bawah Pancaran Maut
Date : 10th April 2008
Author : Helmy Abd Rahman

- Profesor Bersekutu Fakulti Perubatan (UITM), Prof Madya Dr Adlina

Suleiman with her 10 students told about the effect of radiation from
emitter telecommunication tower to residents at Taman Subang.

- Taman Subang residents’ exposure to high risk of cancer and other

chronic diseases because they live nearest to the emitter
telecommunication tower.

- She did a research involved residents that lives around 120m from
that tower and living population divided into 3 zones.
Radius A (distance of 40m), Radius B (distance of 80m) and Radius

C (distance of 120m).
2) Kesatuan Eropah (EU) called Reflex showed that
maybe involved electromagnetic radiation with
low frequency (EMF) could damage human
chromosomes, change the activities of the gens
and increases the cell division.

That means here, a person who get the cancer at

the early stage has a possibility to die if entered
drastically area of Taman Subang with the
increasing of cell through EMF waves increases
the cell division.

With more than 50 antennas and electromagnetic

waves disks at that tower, so many EMF waves
will be absorbed by the residents every day.

The position between the tower and house is only

about 10m. This appears the question among
Literature Review
Topic : The Impacts of
Radiofrequency Radiation
from Mobile Phone Antennas
Reported by : Lyn McLean
Date : 30 August 2008.

This report addresses the evidence for the

impact of radiofrequency from mobile phone
antennas on people’ health and well-being.

Mobile phone antennas emit high frequency

(radiofrequency) radiation that differs from
naturally-occurring radiation in frequency
and characteristics of the signal.
Scientific evidence of harmful effects
of
mobile phone tower radiation
involved:
peer-reviewed scientific studies that
have
identified adverse effects on
populations
living near mobile phone towers.

Zwamborn, 2003

Reported about :
a study by the Dutch Technical
Roosli, 2004

Reported about:
found that the percentages of
sleeps disorder (58%),
headaches (41%), and
nerveousness or distress (19%),
fatigue (18%), and concentration
difficulties were most common
complaints.
Bortkiewicz, 2004

Reported about:
people living in the vicinity of
base stations report various
complaints mostly of the
circulatory system, but also of
sleep disturbances, irritability,
depression, blurred vision,
concentration difficulties,
nausea, lack of appetite,
3) Reported by : Suruhanjaya Komunikasi
dan
Multimedia Malaysia
(SKMM),
Jan—Oct 2008
Reported on : 5 November 2008.

Case:
Received 66 reports about
telecommunication
tower that placed nearest to the
 Relationship of Frequency
Radiation and
Telecommunication Devices
 How does emitter station works?

For example, when emitter station emit electromagnetic

waves radiation at radio waves spectrum, the
wavelength, λ is more than 106nm which is the largest
wavelength and gives the lower energy produced by the
radiation.

It is proved by the Planck-Einstein equation: E=hf,

where f=c/λ. So, when the wavelength of the radiation
is higher, the frequency is lower, so it will emit at the
lower energy.

Lower frequency means it is safe when radiation used in

radio waves but if the emitter station placed nearer to
the living house it will affect human health.

Therefore, the distance and height of emitter station

between living houses is very important to be
Images and sound on the
television involving the
transmission of radiofrequency
radiation (105 – 1011Hz) from the
transmitter to the television set.

Then television will transform the

wave into images and sounds so
that we can enjoy our television
program.
A television has a Cathode Ray
Tube (CRT) and two or more
anodes. This cathode C is enclosed
inside a glass tube.

The cathode emits rays of

electrons into the empty space
inside the tube.

The interaction between the

What we might not know is, we
may be getting exposed to low
levels of x-ray radiation.

This unintentional emission of x-

rays can pose a potential hazard
and must be controlled.

Unlike microwaves, radio waves,

and visible light, x-rays are a
form of ionizing radiation.
It is to remove electrons from
atoms and damaging living cells
and the DNA of those cells.

According to CAP, television

radiation may cause negative
effects.

They wrote that Daniel Reid in his

book Tao of Health, Sex and
Longevity said that;

the uncertain light from television will

CAP also state that Dr. H.D.
Youmans from Bureau of
Radiological Health (BRH) in
Associated Press 1970 said that
x-ray produced by television may
cause eye, testis and bone
marrow cells damages.

Scientists work from the premise

that no amount of radiation is
safe.
Scientists have not identified
specific health effects
resulting from exposure to
extremely low doses of low-
level radiation over prolonged
periods of time.
However, the current assumption
is that there is no threshold of
exposure below which x-rays
may not adversely effects human
health.

It is advisable, therefore, that x-

ray from TV sets, as well as
other commonly used electronic
products, be kept as low as
reasonably achievable.
There are two simple steps we
can do to avoid being exposed to
radiation from television.

Limit the time spent around the TV;

Increase the distance between you

and the television set. FDA advises
sitting a distance of at least two to
three feet from the screen to limit
exposure.
Since life on earth is bathed constantly in all forms of electromagnetic
radiation, people especially scientists must be aware of the potential
risks, as well as benefits of exposures to electromagnetic waves.

In educational field, this issue can be interesting for student to know well
about how electromagnetic wave can be applied in everyday life.

Increasing the awareness for citizen especially student about

hazardous electromagnetic wave and how to reduce the effect with
application that gain from Physics syllabus.
While we should all be concerned about how
much ourselves and our children are exposed
to harmful electromagnetic fields, we don't
need to feel powerless.
In the public arena, you can demand for this
problem to be squarely addressed by
government, science and industry.
Personally, you can take a look around your
home and offices and design things in such a
way that you minimize your exposure to
electromagnetic energy.
• Don't sleep under electric blankets or on a waterbed.
Both of these products generate a constant stream of
electromagnetic energy that quietly saturates your body for
long periods of time. You should also relocate any electric
wires that might be running under your bed.

• Sit at least 3 meters away from televisions.

Generally, the bigger the screen, the further away you
should sit. A gauss meter can tell you how far the harmful
field extends for a particular television .

• Avoid standing too close to microwave ovens when

they are in use ­ move about 3 meters away.
Better still, leave the room. Unplug your microwave when
not in use. (Consider getting rid of your microwave
altogether, as some studies also indicate they alter food in
a way that is harmful to our bodies.)
None of the recent reviews have
concluded that exposure to the
Radiofrequency fields from hand phones,
microwaves oven, television or their
emitter stations causes any adverse
health consequence.

However, there are gaps in knowledge

that have been identified for further
research to better assess health risks.

It will take some years for the required