Intelligent Web

Applications (Part 1)
Course Introduction
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Fall 2002

Vagan Terziyan
AI Department, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics /
MIT Department, University of Jyvaskyla

vagan@it.jyu.fi ; terziyan@yahoo.com
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/index.html
+358 14 260-4618
Contents

❧ Course Introduction
❧ Lectures and Links
❧ Course Assignment
❧ Examples of course-related
research

2
 Course (Part 1) Formula:
Web Personalization + Web Mining +
+ Semantic Web + Intelligent Agents =
= Intelligent Web Applications
- Why ?
- To be able to intelligently utilise huge, rich and shared
web resources and services taking into account
heterogeneity of sources, user preferences and mobility.

- What included ?
- Introduction to Web content management. Web content personalization.
Filtering Web content. Data and Web mining methods. Multidatabase mining.
Metamodels for knowledge management. E-services and their management in
wired and wireless Internet. Intelligent e-commerce applications and mobility
of users. Information integration of heterogeneous resources.
3
 Practical Information
❧ 9 Lectures (2 x 45 minutes each, in English)
during period 28 October - 15 November
according to the schedule;
❧ Course slides: available online plus hardcopies;
❧ Practical Assignment (make PowerPoint
presentation based on a research paper and send
electronically to the lecturer until 10 December);
❧ Exam - there will be no exam. Evaluation mark
for this part of the course will be given based on
the Practical Assignment 4
 Introduction:
Semantic Web - new Possibilities for
Intelligent web Applications

5
Motivation for Semantic Web
Web Limitations
Semantic Web
Average WWW searches examine Doubles in size
only about 25% of potentially
relevant sites and return a lot of
every six months The Semantic Web is a
unwanted information vision: the idea of having
data on the Web defined and
linked in a way that it can be
World Wide Web
used by machines not just for
display purposes, but for
automation, integration and
reuse of data across various
Information on web is not suitable applications.
for software agents
4

Before Semantic Web Semantic Web Structure

Semantic
Ontologies Logical Support
Annotations
Semantic
Web

Tools Applications /
Languages
Services

WWW Creators Users

WWW Creators Users
and and
Beyond Web content
Beyond Web content
6
7 8
Semantic Web Content: New “Users”
Creators Users
Semantic
Web and Semantic Web applications
Beyond content
agents

Semantic
Ontologies Logical Support
Annotations
Semantic
Web

Tools Applications /
Languages
Services

WWW Creators Users

and
Beyond Web content

7
 Some Professions around Semantic Web
Content creators AI Professionals

Content Logic, Proof

Mobile Computing and Trust
Professionals

Web designers
Ontologies

Agents Annotations

Ontology engineers
Software engineers 8
 Semantic Web: Resource Integration

Semantic
annotation
Shared
ontology

Web resources / 9
services / DBs / etc.
 What else Can be Annotated
for Semantic Web ? External world
resources
Web resources /
services / DBs / etc.

Web users
(profiles, Shared
preferences) ontology

Web agents /
applications

Web access
devices
10
 Word-Wide Correlated Activities
Semantic Web Agentcities is a global, collaborative effort
to construct an open network of on-line systems
hosting diverse agent based services.
Semantic Web is an extension of the current
web in which information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling computers and people
to work in cooperation

Agentcities
Grid Computing
Wide-area distributed computing, or "grid” technologies,
provide the foundation to a number of large-scale efforts
utilizing the global Internet to build distributed computing
and communications infrastructures.
FIPA
FIPA is a non-profit organisation aimed
Web Services at producing standards for the interoperation
of heterogeneous software agents.

WWW is more and more used for application to application communication.

The programmatic interfaces made available are referred to as Web services.
The goal of the Web Services Activity is to develop a set of
technologies in order to bring Web services to their full potential 11
 University of Jyvaskyla Experience:
Examples of Related Courses

Intelligent Information Integration

Distributed Artificial Intelligence in in Mobile Environment (4 ov.)
Intelligent Web Applications (2 ov.)
Mobile Environment (2 ov.) Lecturer: Vagan Terziyan
Lecturer: Vagan Terziyan University of Jyvaskyla, MIT Department, Spring 2002 Lecturer: Vagan Terziyan

University of Jyvaskyla, MIT Department, Fall 2001, 2002 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AI Department, Fall 2002
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AI Department, Fall 2001

Web Content Management (6 ov.) Digitaalisen median erityiskysymyksiä (2 ov) Structured Electronic Documentation
seminaarin aihepiiri:
Lecturer: Vagan Terziyan Semanttinen web
Lecturer: Matthieu Weber
Jyvaskyla Polytechnic, Spring 2002 Lecturer: Airi Salminen
University of Jyvaskyla, MIT Department, Fall 2001, 2002
University of Jyvaskyla, CS & IS Department, Spring 2002
18 mweber@mit.jyu.fi 18
IWA Course (Part 1): Lectures

13
Lecture 1: Web Content Personalization Overview

Personalizing Web Resources for a User - Web Content Personalization

one of the basic abilities of an intelligent agent
Overview
Users
Web
Resource

Based on the Tutorials of K. Garvie Brown,

3
R. Wilson, M. Shamos and others 1

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Personalization.ppt

14
Lecture 2: Collaborative Filtering

Improving Personalized Service based on

Feedback from Users (Collaborative Filtering) Collaborative Filtering
- one of the basic abilities of an intelligent agent
2. Feedback Users
Web
Resource 1. Recommendation

3. Better
recommendations

...
Partially based on tutorials and approaches
of GroupLens, Mginetechnologies and
Web Museum research groups

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Collaborative_Filtering.ppt

15
Lecture 3: Dynamic Integration of Virtual Predictors

Discovering Knowledge from Data - one of Dynamic Integration of

the basic abilities of an intelligent agent
Virtual Predictors

Data Knowledge

Vagan Terziyan
University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
e-mail: vagan@it.jyu.fi
2 http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/index.html

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Virtual_Predictors.ppt

16
Lecture 4: Introduction to Bayesian Networks
Discovering Casual Relationship from the Dynamic
Environmental Data and Managing Uncertainty - are Introduction
among the basic abilities of an intelligent agent
to Bayesian Networks
Casual network
beliefs
with Uncertainty

Dynamic
Environment
Based on the Tutorials and Presentations:
(1) Dennis M. Buede Joseph A. Tatman,
Tatman, Terry A. Bresnick;
Bresnick;
(2) Jack Breese and Daphne Koller;
Koller;
(3) Scott Davies and Andrew Moore;
(4) Thomas Richardson
2
(5) Roldano Cattoni
(6) Irina Rich

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Bayes_Nets.ppt

17
 Lecture 5: Web Mining

Discovering Knowledge from and about WWW -

is one of the basic abilities of an intelligent agent

WWW

Knowledge

Web Mining
Based on tutorials and presentations:
J. Han, D. Jing, W. Yan, Z. Xuan, M. Morzy, M. Chen, M. Brobbey, N. Somasetty, N. Niu,
2 P. Sundaram, S. Sajja, S. Thota, H. Ahonen-Myka, R. Cooley, B. Mobasher, J. Srivastava

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Web_Mining.ppt

18
 Lecture 6: Multidatabase Mining

Discovering Knowledge from Distributed and

Heterogeneous Databases - is one of the basic DB 1
•••
abilities of an intelligent agent DB n

Distributed and
heterogeneous
x Classifier 1
•••
?
databases Classifier m

Knowledge
Multidatabase Mining

Based on tutorials and presentations:

J. Han, C. Isik, M. Kamber, A. Logvinovskiy, S. Puuronen, V. Terziyan

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/MDB_Mining.ppt

19
Lecture 7: Metamodels for Managing Knowledge

Creating and Managing Knowledge According to

Different Levels of Possible Context - are among
Metamodels for Managing
the basic abilities of an intelligent agent Knowledge

Metacontexts
Meta-metaknowledge

Contexts
Metaknowledge
Vagan Terziyan
Data University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
e-mail: vagan@it.jyu.fi
Knowledge 2 http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/index.html 1

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Metamodels.ppt

20
Lecture 8: Knowledge Management

Making Personal Knowledge Available to Others and

Dealing with Knowledge Taken from Multiple Sources
- are among the basic abilities of an Intelligent Agent

Knowledge Management
Based on tutorials and presentations: R. Bergmann, M.M. Richter, D.J. Skyrme,
Bellanet Int’l, SURF-AS, R. L. Herting, R. Smith, F.J. Kurfess, R. Dieng at al., M.
Sintek, A. Abecker, A. Bernardi, D. Karagiannis, R. Telesko, L. Kerschberg
“Give a man a fish - feed him for a day;
teach him how to fish - feed him for a lifetime”
Chinese proverb

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Knowledge_Management.ppt

21
 Lecture 9: E-Services in Semantic Web

Managing Transactions with Distributed E-Services

and providing Integrated Service to a User - are
among the basic abilities of an Intelligent Agent

E-Services in Semantic Web

Vagan Terziyan
MIT Department, University of Jyvaskyla /
/ AI Department, Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics

vagan@it.jyu.fi
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan
+358 14 260-2347

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/E-Services.ppt

22
IWA Course (Part 1): Practical
Assignment

23
 Practical assignment in brief
❧ Students are expected to select one of below
recommended papers, which is not already
selected by some other student, register his/her
choice from the Course Assistant and make
PowerPoint presentation based on that paper.
The presentation should provide evidence that a
student has got the main ideas of the paper, is
able to provide his personal additional
conclusions and critics to the approaches used.
24
 Evaluation criteria for practical
assignment

❧ Content and Completeness;

❧ Clearness and Simplicity;
❧ Discovered Connections to IWA Course
Material;
❧ Originality, Personal Conclusions and Critics;
❧ Design Quality.

25
Format, Submission and Deadlines
❧ Format: PowerPoint ppt. (winzip encoding
allowed), name of file is student’s family name;
❧ Presentation should contain all references to the
materials used, including the original paper;
❧ Deadline - 10 December 2002;
❧ Files with presentations should be sent by e-mail
to Vagan Terziyan (terziyan@yahoo.com AND
vagan@it.jyu.fi);
❧ Notification of evaluation - until 15 December.
26
 Papers for Practical Assignment (1)
❧ Paper 1: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_1_P.pdf
❧ Paper 2: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_2_P.pdf
❧ Paper 3: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_3_CF.ps
❧ Paper 4: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_4_CF.pdf
❧ Paper 5: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_5_MW.pdf
❧ Paper 6: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_6_BN.ps
❧ Paper 7: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_7_BN.pdf
❧ Paper 8: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_8_MM.pdf

27
 Papers for Practical Assignment (2)
❧ Paper 9: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_9_WM.ps
❧ Paper 10: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_10_WM.pdf
❧ Paper 11: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_11_III.pdf
❧ Paper 12: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_12_III.pdf
❧ Paper 13: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_13_KM.pdf
❧ Paper 14: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_14_ES.pdf
❧ Paper 15: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_15_MDB.pdf
❧ Paper 16: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/course_papers/Paper_16_MDB.pdf

28
 University of Jyvaskyla Experience:
Examples of Course-Related Research

29
Mobile Location-Based Service
Multimeetmobile Project (2000-2001)
Academy of Finland
Information Technology Project (1999):
Research Institute Dynamic Integration of
(University of Jyvaskyla): Classification Algorithms
Customer-oriented research and

in Semantic Web
development in Information Technology
http://www.titu.jyu.fi/eindex.html

Multimeetmobile (MMM) Project

(2000-2001):
Location-Based Service System and Transaction
Management in Mobile Electronic Commerce
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/~mmm 18

M-Commerce LBS system

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/~mmm Adaptive interface for MLS client
In the framework of the Multi Meet Mobile
(MMM) project at the University of Jyväskylä,
a LBS pilot system, MMM Location-based
Service system (MLS), has been developed.
MLS is a general LBS system for mobile
users, offering map and navigation across
multiple geographically distributed services
accompanied with access to location-based
information through the map on terminal’s
screen. MLS is based on Java, XML and uses
dynamic selection of services for customers
based on their profile and location.

Virrantaus K., Veijalainen J., Markkula J.,

Katasonov A., Garmash A., Tirri H., Terziyan V.,
Developing GIS-Supported Location-Based
Services, In: Proceedings of WGIS 2001 - First
International Workshop on Web Geographical
Information Systems, 3-6 December, 2001, Kyoto,
Only predicted services, for the customer with known profile
Japan, pp. 423-432. and location, will be delivered from MLS and displayed at
19
the mobile terminal screen as clickable “points of interest” 20

Inductive learning of customer

Route-based personalization preferences with integration of predictors
< xt1, xt 2 ,..., xtm >

Sample Instances Learning Environment

Predictors/Classifiers

< xr1, xr 2 ,..., xrm → yr > P1 P2 ... Pn

yt
Terziyan V., Dynamic Integration of Virtual Predictors, In: L.I. Kuncheva, F.
Steimann, C. Haefke, M. Aladjem, V. Novak (Eds), Proceedings of the International ICSC
Congress on Computational Intelligence: Methods and Applications - CIMA'2001, Bangor,
30
Static Perspective Dynamic Perspective 21 Wales, UK, June 19 - 22, 2001, ICSC Academic Press, Canada/The Netherlands, pp. 463-469. 22
Mobile Transactions Management
in Semantic Web
Web Resource/Service Integration: Web Resource/Service Integration:
Server-Based Transaction Monitor Mobile Client-Base Transaction Monitor
TM
Web Web
resource / resource / wireless
service service

Server Client Client

Server
wireless
wireless

TM Web Web
resource / resource /
service service

Transaction Service Server 20 Server 21

The conceptual Client 1 Client r

Web Resource/Service Integration: Transaction data Services data Transaction data Services data

scheme of the Parameter 1 Recent value Service 1 ******** Parameter 1 Recent value Service 1 ********

Comparison of Architectures
Parameter 2 Recent value Service 2 ******** Parameter 2 Recent value Service 2 ********

… … … … … …

ontology-based
Parameter n Recent value Service s ******** Parameter n Recent value Service s ********

…
transaction
Transaction monitor Transaction monitor

❧ Server-based TM ❧ Client-based TM
● Positive: ● Positive:
management
Ontologies

❧ Less wireless (sub)transactions ❧ Customer’s firm trust with multiple e- Parameter ontologies
Service atomic action ontologies

services
input parameters input parameters input parameters

❧ Rich ontological support ❧ Customer’s awareness and

Parameter 1 Name 1 Default value / schema 1

Parameter 2 Name 2 Default value / schema 2

Name of action 1 Name of action 2 Name of action k

involvement
… … …

❧ Smaller crash, disconnection Parameter n Name n Default value / schema n

output parameters output parameters

…
output parameters

vulnerability ❧ Better TM’s adaptation to the

customer Terziyan V., Ontology-Driven
● Negative: Transaction Monitor for Mobile
❧ Pure customer’s trust ● Negative: Services, In: Proceedings of Service 1 Service s
❧ Lack of customer’s awareness and ❧ More wireless (sub)transactions Semweb@KR2002 Workshop on Subtransaction monitor Subtransaction monitor

control ❧ Restricted ontological support Formal Ontology, Knowledge

Representation and Intelligent
❧ Problematic TM’s adaptation to the ❧ High crash, disconnection Service Tree Clients data Service Tree Clients data

Systems for the World Wide Web, Client 1 ******** Client 1 ********

customer vulnerability
31
Client 2 ******** Client 2 ********

Toulouse, France, 19-20 April, … …

…
Client r ******** Client r ********

22 2002. 23
 P-Commerce in Semantic Web
Clients Server External
Environment
Public merchants,
public customers, public Maps Maps …
information providers <path network> <business points>

Map Content
Providers
SMOs Integration, Server
…
I I Analysis,
Learning Location
C S SMRs
Providers
Server
I XML I
WML Business
knowledge XML …
Meta- Profiles
Profiles Content
… Providers
Negotiation, Server
Contracting,
Billing …

$ $ $ Banks

Terziyan V., Architecture for Mobile P-Commerce: Multilevel Profiling

Framework, IJCAI-2001 International Workshop on "E-Business and the
Intelligent Web", Seattle, USA, 5 August 2001, 12 pp. 32
Semantic Metanetwork for Metadata
Management
A''
2
Semantic Metanetwork is 
L'' L'' considered formally as the 
Second level
set of semantic networks, 
1 2
A''3
A''1
which are put on each other 
A' 1 A'
in such a way that links of 
every previous semantic 
3
L' 2 A'
L' 1 4
First level network are in the same 
L' 3 time nodes of the next 
A'
2
network.

A
In a Semantic Metanetwork 
L L
every higher level controls 
2
L1 2 4
Zero level
A
1
A
3
semantic structure of the 
L
3 lower level.

Terziyan V., Puuronen S., Reasoning with Multilevel

Contexts in Semantic Metanetworks, In: P. Bonzon, M.
Cavalcanti, R. Nossun (Eds.), Formal Aspects in Context,
33
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, pp. 107-126.
Petri Metanetwork for Management Dynamics
•A metapetrinet is able not only 
to change the marking of a 
P´3 petrinet but also to reconfigure 
P´2
t´3
t´1 dynamically its structure
P´4
P´1
Controlling • Each level of the new structure 
P´5 level
t´2 is an ordinary petrinet of some 
traditional type.
• A basic level petrinet 
P4
P3 simulates the process of some 
application.
t1
Basic level • The second level, i.e. the 
P1
t2 metapetrinet, is used to simulate 
P2 and help controlling the 
configuration change at the 
basic level.

Terziyan V., Savolainen V., Metapetrinets for

Controlling Complex and Dynamic Processes,
International Journal of Information and Management
34
Sciences, V. 10, No. 1, March 1999, pp.13-32.
Bayesian Metanetwork for Management Uncertainty
Two-level Bayesian Metanetwork for Two-level Bayesian Metanetwork for
managing conditional dependencies managing conditional dependencies
Contextual level

A X

Q
B Y
X
A
Predictive level
S R Q
B Y

S R

2-level Bayesian Metanetwork for 3-level Bayesian Metanetwork for

modelling relevant features’ selection Managing Feature Relevance
Contextual level
A X

Q
B Y

S R
Predictive level A
X

Q
B Y

S R

Terziyan V., Vitko O., Bayesian Metanetworks for Mobile Web Content
Personalization, In: Proceedings of 2nd WSEAS International Conference on 35
Automation and Integration (ICAI’02), Puerto De La Cruz, Tenerife, December 2002.
Multidatabase Mining based on Metadata
ONE:MANY

DB

MANY:MANY Classifier 1
••• ONE:ONE
DB 1 Classifier m
•••
DB n DB

Classifier 1
MANY:ONE
••• Classifier
Classifier m DB 1
•••
DB n

Classifier

Puuronen S., Terziyan V., Logvinovsky A.,

Mining Several Data Bases with an Ensemble of Classifiers, In: T. Bench-
Capon, G. Soda and M. Tjoa (Eds.), Database and Expert Systems 36
Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, V. 1677,