IMPORT AND EXPORT LOGISTICS

THIRD WEEK

INCOTERMS
The Incoterms rules are a set of three-letter trade terms that reflect uses between companies in international sales contracts. Incoterms describes the tasks, costs and risks involved in the delivery of the goods.

How to use Incoterms 2010 rules

Incorporate Incoterms 2010 the contract of sale. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule :
For the goods and means of transport Keep in mind if you include additional obligations Keep in mind the customs of the port or place

Specify the place or port as precisely as possible. Incoterms are not a complete contract of sale.

Changes Incoterms 2010

Two new rules are incorporate
DAT (Delivered At Terminal) DAP (Delivered At Place)

Four rules are removed from the 2000 version

DAF (Delivered At Frontier) DES (Delivered Ex Ship) DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay). DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)

Changes characteristics
According to these new rules, delivery takes place in a designated destination. They are independent of transport mode. In DAT, downloaded (as in DEQ). In DAP, ready for downloading (as in DAF, DES and DDU). Terminal in DAT, may be at port. The vehicle can be a vessel arrival. These rules are of Delivery (risks and costs to the destination).

Estructure
Maintains the same structure as the Incoterms 2000.
Terms E With a single term (EXW), where the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises. The seller delivers the goods to a means of transport used by the purchaser (FAS, FCA and FOB). The seller contracts for main carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch (CFR, CIF, CPT and CIP). The seller has to bear all costs and risks needed to bring the goods to the destination point (DAT, DAP and DDP).

Terms F

Terms C

Terms D

Clasification
EXW FCA CPT Rules for any mode or modes of transport CIP DAT DAP DDP FAS Ex Works Free Carrier Carrier Paid to Carrier and Insurance Paid to Delivered At Terminal Delivered At Place Delivered Duty Paid Free Alongside Ship

Rules for sea transport and waterways

FOB
CFR CIF

Free on Board
Cost and Freight Cost, Insurance and Freight

Characteristics
Rules for national and international trade. Guidance Notes (to help interpret the rule). Electronic communication. Insurance coverage. Accreditation and security related information. Expenses for terminal handling Variants of rules. Document Delivery Packaging Carrier Customs Procedures

Ex Works (EXW)
SELLER agrees to make available to the buyer, the goods and the commercial invoice or equivalent electronic message, in your establishment, on the date or within the time limits and giving notice. It is responsible for loading the goods and dispatching it to the customs for export. BUYER agrees to take over as soon merchandise is made available and bears all costs and risks of taking the place of destination, including export in the seller's country, the import into the country of destination and transport .

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Free Carrier (FCA)

SELLER agrees to place the goods cleared for export to the carrier chosen by the buyer at the place specified, supporting expenses until delivery. If the named place is the seller's premises, also responsible for loading the goods in the transportation and whether the place of delivery is another, when you put the goods to the carrier at Seller's conveyance without downloading . BUYER agrees to take over as soon merchandise is made available and bears all costs and risks of taking the place of destination, including import in the country of destination and transit.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Free Alongside Ship (FAS)

SELLER agrees to place the goods cleared for export to the side of the ship on the quay or barge in the port of shipment, bearing the expenses until delivery. BUYER agrees to take over as soon merchandise is made available and bears all costs and risks of taking the place of destination.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Free on Board (FOB)

SELLER agrees to complete the delivery of the goods when it aboard the vessel at the port of shipment, bearing all risks of loss or damage to the goods until delivery. You must pay the costs of verification or packaging, including export customs clearance, not the international transport. BUYER agrees to comply with the contract of carriage assuming all costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time it was delivered on board the ship, also must pay all taxes, duties and import taxes be assessed.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Cost anf Freight (CFR)

SELLER has to pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the port of destination, and deliver the goods, cleared for export customs aboard the vessel at the port of shipment on the date or within the period stipulated. BUYER assumes all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time you are on board the vessel at the port of shipment. Give notice to the seller, when you have the right to determine the time of shipment of the goods and / or the destination port, if not alert, pay additional costs.

Seller

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

In s ur a n c e

Buyer

Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)

SELLER has to pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the port of destination, getting insurance coverage risks of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage whose beneficiary is the buyer. Deliver the goods, cleared for export customs aboard the vessel at the port of shipment on the date or within the period stipulated.

BUYER assumes all risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time you are on board the vessel at the port of embarkation, recalling that in this term the seller is required to a minimum insurance coverage. Give notice to the seller, when you have the right to determine the time of shipment of the goods and / or the destination port, if not alert pay additional expenses.

Seller

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

In s ur a n c e

Buyer

Carriage Paid To (CPT)

SELLER agrees to deliver the goods to the carrier cleared for export, paying the freight transport to the place of destination, supporting expenses until delivery. BUYER agrees to bear all costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time it was delivered to the carrier.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP)

SELLER has the same obligations as under CPT, but should get insurance for cargo against risks during transport whose beneficiary is the buyer. It promises to place the goods cleared for export, pay the freight, supporting expenses until delivery, including: cargo container, wagon, truck, etc. BUYER agrees to bear all costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods from the time it was delivered to the carrier..

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Delivery At Terminal (DAT)

SELLER must be to pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the Terminal (includes any place, covered or not, dock, warehouse, container freight station, Terminal road, rail or air). Unloaded from the means of transport. Deliver the goods, cleared for export customs, in that terminal on the date or within the period stipulated. BUYER assumes all risk of loss or damage to the goods from the time they have been made available in the destination terminal. The import customs clearance at your expense.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Delivered At Place (DAP)

SELLER agrees to place the goods cleared for export, supporting the expenditure so far from being made available to the buyer at the named place in the country of importation, transportation on arrival, ready for download. The seller has to bear all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto. BUYER has to pay any additional costs and to bear the risks in case of failure to clear the goods for import in time.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)

SELLER agrees to place the goods cleared for export, supporting the expenditure so far from being made available to the buyer at the named place in the country of importation. The seller to bear all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto, including import customs clearance. While EXW minimal obligations for the seller DDP means the maximum.

Seller

Buyer

DOCUMENTS RISK COST

Export costs
It is the sum of the expenses arising from different activities of export. These activities vary, depending on the trading or quotation to be made, which are set by international sales term used (INCOTERMS).

 It should be noted that compared to domestic sales, the additional costs related to international sales include among others:
Market research, country-specific objective. Business Travel. International mail, telephone / fax. Fees and other costs related to the activity of the foreign representative (if this is the case). Consultants, customs brokers. Adaptation / modification; special packaging.

Fixed export costs

They originate mainly to keep running a unit or export management. These costs are generated but not made any export and are required to stay in business.

Export Variable Costs

The variable cost of a product consists of variable production cost, variable cost added export.

This cost category includes bank charges / financial, special packaging, marking, labeling specific internal transport and insurance to the port, etc. Consequently always be useful to the company intends to export, performing accurate analysis to see if your price is competitive on a global scale, according to the product cost.

Customs Treatment
Goods entering or leaving the customs territory of the customs of the Republic shall be submitted to the customs procedures of the customs law, with the exception of goods subject to treaties or agreements signed by Peru.

CUSTOMS PROCEDURES
IMPORT
IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION REIMPORT IN THE SAME STATE TEMPORARY ADMISSION FOR EXPORT IN THE SAME STATE

EXPORT

FINAL EXPORT REIMPORT TEMPORTAL FOR EXPORT IN THE SAME STATE

CUSTOMS IMPROVEMENT

TEMPORARY ADMISSION FOR INWARD TEMPORARY EXPORT FOR OUTWARD DRAWBACK CUSTOMS DUTY REPLACEMENT DEPOSIT CUSTOMS

TRAFFIC

CUSTOMS TRANSIT TRANSBOARD RELOADING

IMPORT SCHEMES

Imports for consumption

Customs procedure which allows the entry of goods into the customs territory for consumption, after payment or guarantee as applicable and other duties and taxes, and the payment of interest and penalties which have.

Terms
Advance clearance: within fifteen (15) calendar days before the arrival of the conveyance; expiration of this period, the goods shall be subject to exceptional clearance, customs dispatcher must request the correction of the statement.
Urgent Dispatch : within fifteen (15) calendar days before the arrival of the conveyance to seven (07) calendar days counted from the day following the end of the download.

Exceptional Dispatch: within thirty (30) calendar days counted from the day following the end of the download.

Re-importation in the same state

Customs procedure which allows entry into the customs territory of a final goods exported without payment of customs duties and other taxes, provided that they have not undergone any manufacturing, processing or repair abroad, losing the benefits had been granted for export.

Terms
The deadline to qualify under the Re-importation in the Same State is twelve (12) months from the date of completion of the shipment of the goods exported. The regime can only be processed in the form of exceptional office and must be requested within (30) calendar days after the date of completion of the download . In case you have enjoyed a deemed export benefit ultimately the beneficiary must repay benefits obtained through the issuance and payment of collection assessment (self-assessment), otherwise must present a guarantee for an amount equivalent to the amount returned, for a period of thirty (30) calendar days calculated from the date appearing on the DUA.

Temporary admission for re-export in the same State

Customs procedure which allows entry into the customs territory of certain goods, with suspension of payment of customs duties and other taxes on consumption and import surcharges applicable, provided that they are identifiable and are designed to fulfill a specific purpose in specific place to be reexported within a specified period without undergoing modification.

Terms
In case of restricted goods, within eighteen (18) months computed from the date of release. If the time was less, the extensions will be approved automatically with one renewal of the guarantee.

For the packaging of export products, you can request an additional period of up to six (06) months.
Goods temporarily admitted under the Special Scheme Procedure or International Fairs Exhibition, are eligible for a maximum period of four (04) months, counted from the date of release of the goods.

EXPORT SCHEME

Final export
Customs procedure which allows the output of the customs territory of national or nationalized goods for use or consumption abroad.

The final export is not subject to any tax.

Terms
Temporary storage must convey the information of the goods received for shipment within two (02) hours from whichever is later: receiving all of the goods or the presentation of the DUA.
The shipment of goods must be made within thirty (30) calendar days from the day after the declaration numbering. The regularization of the final export regime, must be made within thirty (30) calendar days from the day following the date of the end of check.

Temporary export for re-importation in the same state

Customs procedure which allows the temporary the customs territory of national or nationalized goods for the purpose of reimported within a specified period, without having undergone any change except normal wear from use.

Term
The time limit for temporary export is automatically authorized for twelve (12) months, counted from the date of completion of the shipment of the goods. The aforementioned term can be extended, to request, in duly justified cases.

CUSTOMS IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES

Temporary admission for inward

Customs procedure which allows entry into the customs territory of certain foreign goods with the suspension of payment of customs duties and other taxes on imports for consumption, in order to be exported within a specified period, after having been subjected to a processing operation.

 Inward operations are those in which it occurs:

o The transformation of the goods. o The production of goods, including erecting, assembling and adapting them to other goods. o The repair of goods, including restoring or its conditioning.

Term
It authorized the filing of the statement and warranty for a period equal to the period requested and restricted goods if the time allowed by the competent sector, not to exceed a maximum period of twenty-four (24) months computed from the date of release. If the time was less, the extensions will be approved automatically, with the only warranty renewal before expiry of the time allowed without exceeding the maximum period.

Temporary export for outward

Customs procedure by which allows the temporary the customs territory of national or nationalized goods for processing, manufacture or repair and then re-imported as compensating products within a specified.

Term
The time limit for temporary export is automatically authorized for twelve (12) months, counted from the date of completion of the shipment of the goods. The aforementioned term can be extended, to request, in duly justified cases.

Drawback

Customs procedure which allows due to the export of goods, obtain total or partial refund of customs duties, which have been levied on imports for consumption goods in the goods exported or consumed during production.

 Inward operations are those in which it occurs:

o The transformation of the goods. o The production of goods, including erecting, assembling and adapting them to other goods. o The repair of goods, including restoring or its conditioning.

Term
It authorized the filing of the statement and warranty for a period equal to the period requested and restricted goods if the time allowed by the competent sector, not to exceed a maximum period of twenty-four (24) months computed from the date of release. If the time was less, the extensions will be approved automatically, with the only warranty renewal before expiry of the time allowed without exceeding the maximum period.

Temporary export for outward

Customs procedure by which allows the temporary the customs territory of national or nationalized goods for processing, manufacture or repair and then re-imported as compensating products within a specified.

Term
The time limit for temporary export is automatically authorized for twelve (12) months, counted from the date of completion of the shipment of the goods. The aforementioned term can be extended, to request, in duly justified cases.

Drawback

Customs procedure which allows due to the export of goods, obtain total or partial refund of customs duties, which have been levied on imports for consumption goods in the goods exported or consumed during production.

Terms
The producer-exporter has a term of five (05) working days from the day after the date appearing on the Application for Refund, to present to the area responsible for the processing of benefit. The inputs used were imported (numbering date DUA or DS Import for consumption) within thirtysix (36) months prior to the date of final export

Replacement of duty free goods

Customs procedure which allows imports for consumption of equivalent goods, which having been nationalized, have been used to obtain the goods previously exported as final, without payment of customs duties and other taxes on imports for consumption .

Terms
The final export declaration or simplified export declaration must have numbered within one (1) year from the date of release of the statement.

Input-Output Table (CIP) must be transmitted and presented to the area that administers the program, within one hundred eighty (180) calendar days from the date of completion of the shipment of the goods exported.

Customs warehousing procedure

Allows goods arriving in the customs territory may be stored in a customs warehouse, for a fixed period and under the control of the Customs, without payment of customs duties and other taxes applicable to imports for consumption, provided that no have been applied to any customs procedure or are in a situation of abandonment.

Term
The customs warehouse regime can be authorized for a maximum period of twelve (12) months, computed from the date appearing on the statement. Within this deadline, the case of perishable goods, the period can not exceed the expiration date of the merchandise.

SCHEMES TRANSIT

Customs Transit

Goods from abroad which are not intended to be transported under customs control within the territory to a foreign destination, have suspended payment of duties and other import taxes applicable upon submission of warranty and other formal requirements.

Terms
The deadline for their departure abroad, joining CETICOS, can not exceed thirty (30) calendar days from the granting of release. The guarantee should be valid for at least sixty (60) calendar days from the date of the DUA and numbering must comply with the requirements

Transbord
Customs procedure which allows the transfer of goods, which are unloaded from the means of transport used for the arrival on the customs territory and loaded onto the means of transport used to leave the customs territory under customs control.

Terms
In advance clearance, within fifteen (15) calendar days before the arrival of the conveyance. After this period, subjected to exceptional office, the respondent must request the correction of the statement. In exceptional clearance, up to thirty (30) calendar days after the date of completion of the download, the expiry of which may only be subjected to the regime of import for consumption.

Transshipment is authorized automatically and is performed within thirty (30) calendar days from the date of the numbering of the declaration, the goods after this period falls into legal abandonment.

Reloading

Customs procedure which allows goods to be found in an arrival point pending the assignment of a customs procedure, can be reshipped from the customs territory to a foreign destination, provided that they are in a situation of neglect.

Terms
Within thirty (30) calendar days calculated from the day following the end of the discharge, when the goods have no destination. In the case of undeclared goods found by the owner or consignee post-release, within thirty (30) working days from the date of removal of the goods.