HYDRO POWER PLANT

PRESENTATION
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Respected Madam : VANDANA PANDEY Respected Sir : SMIT NIMBARTE

JAWAHAR EDUCATION SOCIETYS A.C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210

NAME
1. 2. 3. 4.

ROLL NO
133324 133335 133345 133355

GAWADE ABHISHEK KHAN RASHID MOMAYA ANANT VIVEK PHALE

5.
6.

KEKAN SANJAY
MANIAR YASH

133372
133374

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?

THE OBJECTIVE OF A HYDROPOWER SCHEME IS TO CONVERT THE
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MASS OF WATER, FLOWING IN A STREAM WITH A CERTAIN FALL TO THE TURBINE (TERMED THE "HEAD"), INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY AT THE LOWER END OF THE SCHEME, WHERE THE POWERHOUSE IS LOCATED. THE POWER OUTPUT FROM THE SCHEME IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLOW AND TO THE HEAD.

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

HYDROLOGY
Meteorology
Study of the atmosphere including weather and climate.

Surface water hydrology

Flow and occurrence of water on the surface of the earth.

Hydrogeology
Flow and occurrence of ground water

HYDROLOGY & HYDROGRAPHS

Hydrology may be defined as the science which deals with the depletion and replenishment of water resources. It deals with surface water as well as ground water. It is also concerned with transportation of water from one place to another. There are many types of hydrographs. Hydrograph is defined as a graph showing discharge of flowing water with respect to time for a specified time.

HYDROGRAPHS SHOWS
Graph of stream flow vs. time Obtained by means of a continuous recorder which indicates stage vs. time (stage hydrograph) Transformed to a discharge hydrograph by application of a rating

curve.
Typically are complex multiple peak curves Available on the web.

HYDROGRAPH NOMENCLATURE
storm of Duration D

Precipitation

P
tl tp
Discharge Q
baseflow new baseflow
peak flow

w/o rainfall

EXPLANATION

If we measure the rainfall and put it on a time graph and link that to the amount of water in the river, we have some really useful information!

This graph is hydrograph. It plots rainfall against discharge (that

is the amount of water in the river as it passes a particular point measured in cubic metres per seconds or cumecs).

Changes measured over time is river regime - eg. in winter there

is more rain, less evaporation, less vegetation to absorb it.

WE CAN READ THE FOLLOWING FROM THE HYDROGRAPH

Rate of flow at any instant during the duration period.
Total volume of flow upto that instant as the area under hydrograph denotes the volume of water in that duration. The mean annual run-off.

The minimum and maximum run-off for the year

FLOW DURATION CURVE

Flow duration curve is a useful form to represent the run-off data for the given time. This curve is plotted between flow available during a period versus the fraction of time. The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of hydrograph from the available run-off data and is necessary to find out the time duration for which flows available

PENSTOCK RESEVOIR

POWER HOUSE

DAM
INTAKE

TURBINE

GENERATOR

POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER

ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER

FIRST ELEMENT :-

Dam

DAMS

THE MOVEMENT OF WATER CAN BE USED TO MAKE ELECTRICITY. ENERGY FROM WATER IS CREATED BY THE FORCE OF WATER MOVING
FROM A HIGHER ELEVATION TO A LOWER ELEVATION THROUGH A LARGE PIPE (PENSTOCK). WHEN THE WATER REACHES THE END OF THE PIPE, IT HITS AND SPINS A WATER WHEEL OR TURBINE. THE TURBINE ROTATES THE CONNECTED SHAFT, WHICH THEN TURNS THE GENERATOR, MAKING ELECTRICITY.

SURGE TANK
Its function is to prevent sudden increase of pressure in the supply line or in the penstock. It is placed as near as possible to the turbine. Water hammer Due to the variation in the demand of water supply according to load, the turbine gates get closed suddenly which cause increase in pressure. This is known as water hammer.

What are Spill ways?

.

A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam. During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods that

can exceed normal flow conditions in the river.

For this reason,

carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of

structure. These passages are known as spillways

2ND ELEMENT:-

INTAKE

INTAKE
A WATER INTAKE MUST BE ABLE TO DIVERT THE REQUIRED
AMOUNT OF

WATER IN TO A POWER CANAL OR INTO A PENSTOCK WITHOUT

PRODUCING A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.

3rd ELEMENT:PENSTOCK

PENSTOCK
CONVEYING WATER FROM THE INTAKE TO THE POWER HOUSE. THE WATER IN THE RESERVOIR IS CONSIDERED STORED ENERGY WHEN THE GATE OPENS THE WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE
PENSTOCK BECOMES KINETIC ENERGY BECAUSE IT IS IN MOTION.

4TH ELEMENT TURBINES

The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached

to a generator above it by
way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine

for hydropower plants is

the Francis Turbine, which looks like a big disc with

curved blades.

Tailraces

AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE TURBINE THE WATER RETURNS

TO THE RIVER TROUGH A SHORT CANAL CALLED A TAILRACE.

5TH ELEMENT GENERATOR

AS THE TURBINE BLADES TURN, SO DO A SERIES OF MAGNETS INSIDE

THE GENERATOR.

GIANT MAGNETS ROTATE PAST COPPER COILS,

PRODUCING ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) BY MOVING ELECTRONS.

Inside the Generator:The heart of the hydroelectric power plant is the generator. The basic process of generating electricity in this manner is to rotate

a series of magnets inside coils of

wire. This process moves electrons, which produces electrical current.

Each generator is made of certain basic parts:

1. Shaft
2. Excitor 3. Rotor 4. Stator

AS THE TURBINE TURNS, THE EXCITOR SENDS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT

TO THE ROTOR. THE ROTOR IS A SERIES OF LARGE ELECTROMAGNETS THAT SPINS INSIDE A TIGHTLY-WOUND COIL OF COPPER WIRE, CALLED THE STATOR. THE MAGNETIC FIELD BETWEEN THE COIL AND THE MAGNETS CREATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.

6TH ELEMENT:-

TRANSFORMERS

A TRANSFORMER IS A DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS ELECTRICAL

ENERGY FROM ONE CIRCUIT TO ANOTHER THROUGH A SHARED MAGNETIC FIELD. A CHANGING CURRENT IP IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT (THE PRIMARY) CREATES A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD; IN TURN, THIS MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCES A VOLTAGE VS IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT (THE SECONDARY). THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT MIMICS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT, BUT IT NEED NOT CARRY THE SAME CURRENT AND VOLTAGE AS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT. INSTEAD, AN IDEAL TRANSFORMER KEEPS THE PRODUCT OF THE CURRENT AND THE VOLTAGE THE SAME IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUITS.

7TH ELEMENT OUTFLOW

USED WATER IS CARRIED THROUGH PIPELINES, CALLED
TAILRACES, AND RE-ENTERS THE RIVER DOWNSTREAM.

8TH ELEMENT POWER HOUSE

POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS

IN THE SCHEME OF HYDROPOWER THE ROLE OF POWER HOUSE IS TO
PROTECT THE ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT THAT CONVERT THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER INTO ELECTRICITY.

FOLLOWING ARE THE EQUIPMENTS OF POWER PLANT:

1.VALVE 2.TURBINE 3.GENERATOR

5.CONDENSOR 6.PROTECTION SYSTEM 7.DC EMERGENCY SUPPLY

4.CONTROL SYSTEM

8.POWER AND CURRENT TRANSFORMER

TRASH RACK
Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack
cleaning machine, which removes material from water in order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging electromechanical equipment

A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower. Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the United States. The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to produce electricity. But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.

THANK YOU