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Operational Amplifier

Tapan Kumar Jain

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Analog Electronics -
Syllabus

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Why is it called Op Amp?

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Operational Amplifier
An Op-Amp is a direct coupled
high gain amplifier usually
consisting of one or more
differential amplifiers and usually
followed by level transmitter and
an output stage.

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Internal Model of Real
Op Amp

 Zin Input Impedance (very large ~ 2 MΩ)


 Zout Output Impedance (very small ~ 75 Ω)
 Aol Open-loop gain
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Characteristics of an ideal
Op Amp
 Input Resistance Zi = ∞
 Output Resistance Zo= 0
 Voltage Gain A = ∞
 Bandwidth = ∞
 Perfect balance i.e. Vo = 0 when V1 =
V2
 Characteristics do not drift with temp
 CMRR
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and Slew Rate = ∞
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Op amp with Feedback
Amplifiers
 Voltage-series feedback
 Voltage-shunt feedback
 Current-series feedback
 Current-shunt feedback

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Voltage series feedback
amplifier

•Negative feedback
•Closed loop voltage gain
•Input resistance with feedback
•Output resistance with feedback
•Bandwidth with feedback

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Applications of Op Amp
 Summing, scaling and averaging
 Instrumentation
 Integrator and Differentiator
 Log and Antilog
 Multiplier and Division

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Active filters
 Filter classification
 Analog or Digital
 Passive or Active
 Audio or Radio
 Advantage of Active filters
 Gain and frequency adjustments
 No loading problem
 Cost
 Most Commonly used Filters
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Oscillators
 Introduction
 Type of Oscillators
 Phase shift oscillators
 Wien bridge oscillators
 Quadrature oscillators

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Wave generator
 Square wave generator
 Triangular wave generator
 Saw tooth wave generator

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References
 Op-Amps and Linear Integrated
circuits by Ramakant A. Gayakward
 Operational amplifier Design and
Applications by Tobey-Graeme-
Huelsman
 Integrated Electronics - Jacob
Millman and Christos Hallkias

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Thank You

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