Professional Documents
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Course Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Crane Pre-start Checks Crane Set Up Crane Operation Crane Accidents Rigging and Lifting Duties and Responsibilities Rigging Selection Types of Rigging & Lifting Equipment How to use rigging and lifting equipment effectively and safely. Safety Methods for Handling Loads of Various Sizes, Shapes and Weights How to Prevent Damage to the Load and Equipment. Safe Ways of Hitching, Lifting and Blocking Loads.
11. 12.
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NO! WHEELS ARE CARRYING LOAD
CRANE SET-UP
There is Only One Way to Set-up a Crane The Right Way Check that the
1. 2. 3.
NO! NO! ALL ALL BEAMS BEAMS MUST TO BE BEFULLY FULLY EXTENDED EXTEDED
The ground is level. The ground will support the crane. The crane area is clear of obstacles. There are no under ground services in crane area. There is sufficient room to operate the crane. The crane can work within its safely working load. You have the correct size crane mats.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
Before backing up make sure no one is behind the crane. Assign a flagman
10 ft up to 125,000 Volts
15 ft 125,000 volts to 250,000 volts 25 ft above 250,000 volts
It is extremely dangerous to move and operate near overhead high tension lines
Must have signal because load line can reach power lines if cranes swings.
Mark the location of all underground services that could be crushed by the weight of the crane
Know the weight of the load before they are lifted or use a load indicator.
Unattended Machinery
Do NOT leave the controls of a lifting machine unattended when a load is being suspended
Hydraulic Crane Operators who waits for signs of tipping to warn him of an overloaded condition will often the boom exceed the pressure limits or cause severe damage to his machine before any signs of tipping occur.
The Counter weight must be correct for the machine, the boom length and for the load
CRANE ACCIDENTS
This incident happened due to unsafe rigging: one sling held the load at the end and one sling in the middle of the pipe.
Lesson learned:
Rigging study?
Keep the load directly below the boom. The hoist line must be plumb at all times
Rigging
the connecting of a load to a source of power so that it can be lifted and moved safely and predictably.
Rigging Selection
Very rarely does the average worker on a construction site get the opportunity to actually pick the rigging. It is normally purchased by a supervisor, the Company Purchasing Department or it is sent out from another project. This itself can create serious problems.
Rigging Selection
The rigging capacity and the material to be lifted must match. Using too small capacity rigging or components is just asking for an accident to happen.
Rigging Selection
Are there any Unusual Loading or Environmental Conditions? a. Wind?
Wind shifts loads The effect of the wind on a load can be severe
b.
c. d.
Temperature?
Surfaces?(Water) Unstable Object(s)?
Properly Inspected?
Shape and size - attachment points and position of slings. Never lift a load without knowing its weight. Type of material - type of sling and method of attachment.
SHACKLES
Chain hoists are used in many different industries were lifting of equipment is required to move various equipment and machinery. They come in sizes from 250Kg to 25 tons safe working load and with various lengths. Very little effort is need to lift a load, with this device a man can lift ten tons on his own. Chain hoists are made of steel and very durable but can be damaged very Easley so care must be taken when handling the. Before using them check that the 1. It is of the correct safe working load for the job. 2. It has been certified by a third party inspector. 3. Hoist body has no cracks, or broken castings (Some have aluminum body's) 4. Hook is not deformed and is fitted with a safety Latch. 5. Anchor pins are in place and are of the correct type. 6. Chain is in good condition. 7. Operating mechanism is in good working order 8. The Safe Working Load is clearly marked on the hoist block
LEVER HOIST
Lever hoists are basically the same type of lifting appliance as a chain hoist with a different way of operating. With a lever to hoist and lower the load.A lever hoist can also used for pulling loads. Care and maintenance is the same as for a chain hoist. Inspection is basically the same as a chain hoist.
TIRFOR
A tirfor is a mechanical device with a lever handle to operate the tirfor Tirfors are generally used for pulling and as a tensioning device. Tirfors can also be used for lifting using a series of blocks. Before using a tirfor be sure to check both the tirfor and tirfor wire for damage
PLATE CLAMPS
NEVER EXCEED THE RATED CAPACITY OF THE CLAMP When using a plate clamp ensure that the clamp is fitted correctly be fore lifting. Plate clamps should be checked before and after use for any damage Some types of plate clamps are fitted with a manual lock ensure that that the lock is engaged before lifting. When lifting plate from one side with the plate on edge a spreader beam must be used. When lifting plate in the horizontal four clamps to be used with a spreader beam. Never lift a plate with one clamp
Before using wire ropes examine carefully for breakage, deformity, corrosion or other defects
Chain Slings
Used to lift very heavy loads.
Do not wrap chain slings around a load. Attach chain slings directly to the load using hooks and shackles. Chain slings can withstand higher temperatures than wire rope or synthetic fibre slings. Chain links can stretch, deform and break if the safe working load is exceeded.
Chain links can fracture when the chain is kinked, crossed over or knotted.
Used for lifting loads that do not have fixed lifting points to attach hooks onto.
Soft eye
Thimble
Soft eye
Soft eye
Endless
The flexibility of the wire rope allows the sling to be wrapped around the load.
Attaching Slings
Make sure all slings, shackles and lifting gear have a Safe Working Load (SWL) or Working Load Limit (WLL) greater than the load to be lifted.
Use packing to prevent wire rope slings being cut by sharp edges. Wear gloves, safety boots and a hard hat when slinging loads.
Always use shackles to attach chain sling hooks to eye-bolts and lifting lugs.
Always position slings so the crane hook can be positioned over the loads centre of gravity.
Use a spreader bar if a wide spacing between lifting points prevents you keeping the included angle below 90 degrees. At 120 degrees the strain on each leg is 1000 kg.
Hitch Basket - loading with the sling passed under the load and both ends on the hook or a single master link.
Hitch Choker loading with the sling passed through one eye and suspended by the other.
Hitch Vertical loading with the the load suspended vertically on a single part or leg of the sling.
Master link a steel link or ring used to support all legs of a chain or wire rope sling.
Mousing lashing between the neck and the tip of a hook to prevent the load coming off. Rated capacity the maximum allowable working load.
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Increases with larger wires Decreases wit h smaller wires
FATIGUE RESISTANCE
Decreases with larger wires Increases with smaller wires
A sling capable of lifting 100lbs in a 30 degree vertical basket hitch can only left 856 lbs at a 30 degree angle, 707 lbs at a 45 degree angle and 500 lbs at a 60 degree angle.
Birdcage damage
Slinging a Load
You should consider the:
weight of the load; size and shape of load;
Stand away from loads when the slings are being pulled out from under them
Weight of Loads
Do NOT guess the weight of the load to be lifted
drawings;
standard section tables;
Suspended Loads
Suspended Loads
When loading or unloading trucks always work over the rear and ensure that the driver leaves the cab.
Unslinging a Load
Rest the load on bearers if wire rope or synthetic fibre slings are wrapped around the load. Never pull a sling out from under a load that is resting on it.
Never try to release a load that is still under tension or while the load is still suspended.
Allow the load to come to a full rest and check that all tension has been released before removing slings.
The signalman must position himself in full view of the operation and if using hand signals close enough to be seen clearly. His position must give him a full view of the load and equipment at all times.
When acting as a signalman / rigger, stand where you can see the load and can be seen by the operator.
Pinch points
One of the most common injury to riggers and Slingers are hand injuries caused by hands being trapped. Riggers must avoid pinch points such as when tensioning slings, and when placing the loads. Similarly, when loads are moved on rollers, it is al to easy for a careless person to get a hand or foot caught underneath a roller. Good practice is to look and notice were pinch points are and keep away from them.
Keep all Parts of the Body away from Under the Load
When ever a load is lifted above floor level, the Possibility exists that it may fall. For this reason, It is important to riggers and others in the area to Avoid walking below a suspended load. Often, These areas where rigging is taking place are Blocked of with safety barriers to warn passersby And to keep them out of the area. Riggers have to be careful to keep ALL parts of Their bodies including hands and feet out From under suspended loads.
Any Questions?????