P & ID

Piping & Instrumentation Diagram

Symbolic representation of the process P & ID is designers road map which shows all the equipment, pumps, valves, instrumentation and other piping items in sequence for proper system function. Both the process and the instrumentation & control engineer provide design information. Frozen P& ID is the basis for further development of project

P & ID is the primary element of a piping design

P & ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation etc. P & IDs are used to operate the process systems. P & IDs are also for utilities like steam, water, gases, vacuum etc P & IDs also indicate power applications like electric motors, P B stations etc to help the Electrical Engineer to prepare SLD ( single line diagram)

P & ID should include

Instrumentation and designation Mechanical equipment with names and numbers All valves and their identification Process piping, sizes and identification Miscellaneous vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers etc Permanent start ups and flush lines

P & ID should include

Flow directions Interconnection references Control inputs and outputs, interlocks Interfaces with class changes Seismic category Vendor and contractor interfaces Identification of components and sub systems delivered by others

P & ID should NOT include

Instrument root valves Control relays Manual switches Equipment rating capacity Primary instrument tubing and valves Pressure, temperature and flow data Elbows, tees and similar standard fittings Extensive explanatory notes

P & ID Guidelines
Should utilize industry recognized symbols and abbreviations usually specified by the client A schedule should be presented on the P & ID or other referenced drawing, identifying all symbols, abbreviations and instrumentation function identifiers System directional flow arrows should be utilized on the P & ID.

P & ID Guidelines continued

Design flow quantities and temperature and pressure set points are to be presented on the corresponding line schedule from BEP or PFD P & ID components are to be labeled with unique tags or identifiers. Piping system lines are to be labeled at regular intervals to better facilitate the following of lines on the drawing where lines extend to subsequent drawings.

P & ID data is used for

Design of plant layout and plot plan For compiling bulk MTO For pipe connector and pipe rack specifications For detailed piping layout For pipe stress analysis Checking isometrics and piping layouts

P & ID
First let us correct the PID that is with you. It should have line numbers for pipelines and tag numbers for equipments, valves and instruments This numbering system is usually given by the client but today you are the client Line number should at least give line size, duty, MOC, insulation Why? How does it help?

Line numbers should contain

Duty what is being conveyed by the pipe, for P & ID given , there are 5 duties Process Steam Cooling water Nitrogen Vacuum

MOC
MOC as per piping specifications/process recommendations from the client For the P & ID on hand, SS 316 for process lines C S for steam, water, nitrogen, vacuum

Line size
Either OD, ID or NPS as per clients specification For the P & ID on hand, you will specify OD

Insulation
Insulation hot, cold or no insulation ( bare pipe) Usually the line no will indicate only the type of insulation Hot -- Ih Cold -- Ic If the line number does not mention Ih or Ic, then the line is not insulated

Equipments, valves & instruments Tag No's

As per clients requirements Tag no's are easier for purchasing, erection & finally stock taking

Headers/Pipe rack
Every P & ID would show chemicals/raw material/finished products coming from or going to pipe rack. The various lines on the pipe rack are would be numbered in the pipe rack P & ID. Headers/pipe rack lines are outside P & ID, so not numbered In this PID, nitrogen, steam, cooling water, vacuum are coming or going from the pipe rack, product from V3 would go to piperack

Progress of the project

Tag nos would be given in PDS for equipment, instruments & valves Line list would help to identify lines based on MOC & line no would continue from P & ID, to Piping GADs to Isometrics Man hour estimate and calculations usually done based on no of lines Insulation contract