Serological reactions

Reaction of antigen and antibody in laboratory conditions in different (stated) environment Antigen substance with ability to activise immune system to specific antibodies production. Non self substance. Immunogenicity. Protective antibodies Antigenic determinants areas of microorganism with a structure eliciting the antibodies production Specificity of antigen determined by production of antibodies, that reacts only with it. Non specific antigens heterofil if antibodies agains them react with other antigens

Antibodies
In blood serum of immunised annimals there are specific proteins immuneglobulins, that bind antigens causing their production (behring, Kitaso, 19 th century) Serum liquid that will remain at the top of the tube after centrifugation of coagulated blood Plasma liquid that remains at the toop of tube after centrifugation of not coagulated blood Antiserum serum with specific antibodies Function of antibodies to bind specifically antigen, neutralise its function via other reactions that are activised by the antigen antibody binding (complement activation....)

Serological reaction
Reaction of antigen with specific antibody depends on the type of antigen formes immunocomplexes of different quality *corpuscular antigens (microorganism, erytrocytes) = agglutination *soluble antigens small imunocomplexes in solution or precipitation

Electrophoresis of proteins
Alfa, beta, gama fraction Immunoglobulines 5 classes IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE - types of heavy chains: mi, delta, gama, alfa, epsilon subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4,, types of light chains kappa, lambda, subtypes : lambda 1,2,3,4,

Antibodies production dynamics

Acute antibodies IgM Persistent antibodies IgG - protective First response IgM Booster effect second response Total antibodies

Serological reactions
Agglutination antigen + several dilution of serum = visible agglutination Latex agglutination antibody bound on latex particles + Ag = big agglutination Precipitation Ag+Ab = ring in the touch zone Immunediffusion diffusion of Ag and Ab in agar. In the meeting point precipitation ring Neutralisation serum with antibodies can neutralise the activity of microorganisme in living model Hemagglutination passive agglutination ag is bound on the surface of RBC CF complement fixation- Ag +Ab +C+ Ery + antieryab lysis ELISA, RIA, IFT

Reading of serological reactions

Qualitative reaction positive or negative (comparison with bordeline value) Quantitative reaction titer of antibodies, or concentration Determination of total antibodies (CF,) dynamics of antibody production 2 samples in the interval of 14-21 days. Results titer of antibodies = 1:16(dilution )., 16(Titer amount of antibodies in not diluted serum) Determination of immuneglobulin classes IgA, igM acute IgG long lasting, protective, Results in concentration of antibodies g/l Confirmation of acute infection: Seroconversion from negativity to positivity, fourfold increase of total antibody titer, or presence of IgM