Modern Architecture

Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

Topics

Modern Architecture Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Modern Architecture

The birth of modern architecture came from a realization that the future should not hinge on the past
Earlier periods had relied on even earlier periods to gain inspiration Modern architecture wanted to look to the future

Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

Early Modernism

The Chicago School

Late 19th and early 20th century Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago in 1885

Great Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the city

Burnham and Root Holabird and Roche Adler and Sullivan

Leading architectural teams

Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

Monadnock Building
c. 1889 1891 Burnham and Root Client had demanded an extremely simplified appearance Features

Tall, elongated building 16 stories Sheer brickwork Very simple with no dcor or carvings

Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

Marquette Building
Holabird and Roche 1893 1894 Has a modern theme with a hint of the Classical Features

Paneling and cornice work at the top Continuous piers that support massive lintels recessed in the center bays

Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

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Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

Walker Warehouse
1888 1889 Adler and Sullivan Considered a stripped Romanesque style

Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved ornament

Features
Twin, arched entranceways Trabeated, flanking bays

Modern Architecture: The Chicago School

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Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright

The youngest member of the Chicago School Flamboyant personality and a sense of prophetic mission in architecture Studied for two years at the University of Wisconsin as an engineer

Decided he did not want to be an engineer A radical leap into modern architecture

Designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NY

Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

Larkin Building
Buffalo, NY 1904 Represented a leap into modern architecture from the 19th century Features

Rectangular, skylit atrium Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and office space

Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

Winslow House
1893 Frank Lloyd Wright River Forest, IL A study in contrasts

Front of the house was all geometric Rear garden of the house was completely different than the front

Shattered the fronts boxlike structure with splintered, aggressive forms

Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

Francis W. Little House

1913 Frank Lloyd Wright The grandest of Wrights early interiors Now installed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City

Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright

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Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Josef Maria Olbrich

Viennese architect who built the first modern structure in Vienna, Austria

Secession Building Architectural movement of modernism in Austria

One of the founders of the Viennese Secession

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Secession Building
Vienna, Austria 1898 1899 Designed for exhibitions Features a sky lighted interior framed by closed outer walls Faade is reminiscent of an Egyptian pylon

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

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Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Auguste Perret

French architect who used ferroconcrete in an aesthetically pleasing way

Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with the compressive resistance of concrete

Structures
Ponthieu Garage, Paris Le Raincy Church, Near Paris

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Ponthieu Garage
Paris Faade reflects the concrete post-and-beam construction behind it 1905

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

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Modern Architecture: European Modernism

Le Raincy Church
Located near Paris 1912 1913 Medieval theme Modern ferroconcrete construction

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

Modern Architecture: European Modernism

http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

References

Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

Modern Architecture
Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp