Knez 091110089 Resty 0911113080 Yuyun 0911113082 Laila 0911113081 Gusti Ayu 115110101111047

Levelt, W. (1989). Speaking. From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT. Press

Cognitive processes

Mind uses the codes

Talking

Language production means talking, but not merely that. When people talk, it is usually because they have something to say. Language production concerns itself with the cognitive processes that convert nonverbal communicative intentions into verbal actions. These processes must translate perceptions or thoughts into sounds, using the patterns and elements of a code that constitutes the grammar of a language. For theories of language production, the goal is to explain how the mind uses this code when converting messages into spontaneous speech in ongoing time.

 Conceptualization

Involve determining what to say, or message-level

processes
Formulation

Involve translation this conceptual representation

into a linguistic form

Excution

Involved detailed phonetic and articulatory planny

CONCEPTUALIZATION (message level of representation)

FORMULATION

ARTICULATION

Involves determining what to say

Involves translation the conceptual representation into a linguistic form Includes the process of lexicalization, were words that the speaker wants to say are selected Includes the process of syntactic planning where words are put together to form a sentence

Involves retrieval of chunks of internal speech from buffer

Speaker conceives an intention

Involves motor execution

Speaker selects relevant information in preparation for construction of intended utterance

The product is a preverbal message

Involves detailed phonetic and articulatory planning

Includes the process of phonological encoding, where words are turned into sounds

Pit Corder, S. (1981), Error Analysis and Interlanguage, Oxford University Press

The instruments of articulation. o Larynx (the voice box): serves to embellish the articulation of speech sounds. o Pharynx: creates a new source of speech sound, increases resonance by adding extra acoustic space to the ready existing oral and nasal cavities.

S. Pit Corder classified slips of the tongue and the pen as Mistakes whether it comes from native or non native speakers. Error comes from non native speakers thus they have difficulty correcting it.

a. b.

c.

Constantly self editing. Sensitive; capable to readjusting a message when the notice the breakdown in production occurred. Monitor and quickly correct any mistakes; performance and competence

Thank you