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Chapter 11
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DUE 0903239
Objectives
Define Optical Networking Define the components of a fiber optic system Define characteristics of fiber optic cable Describe Single mode and multi mode fiber Introduce concepts of wave division multiplexing
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In its simplest form, optical networking is when the data transport is carried via light over fiber optic cable (as opposed to electrical impulses over copper cable)
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1.
Transmitter - takes information such as voice, data, video, encoded into electrical signals into light signals and sends it down fiber optic cable Fiber optic cable - medium which the signal is carried on Receiver- accepts light signal and converts it back into electrical signals
2.
3.
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Core - central region of optical fiber which light travels through and information is carried. Cladding - Made of glass with lower refractive index than the core. Causes light in the core to reflect off of the cladding and stay contained in the core Coating - outer protective coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture
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Laser or LED generated light pulses travel at different angles Common uses
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MMF (cont)
Benefits Extremely high throughput Very high resistance to noise Excellent security Ability to carry signals for much longer distances before requiring repeaters than copper cable Industry standard for high-speed networking Drawback More expensive than twisted pair cable Requires special equipment to splice Throughput Reliable transmission rates Can reach 100 gigabits (or 100,000 megabits) per second per channel
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MMF (cont)
Cost
Most expensive transmission medium ST (straight tip) SC (subscriber connector or standard connector) LC (local connector) MT-RJ (mechanical transfer registered jack) Unaffected by EMI Segment lengths vary
Connectors
Noise immunity
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Connectors
Single-Mode Multimode
ST Connector
SC Connector
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Transmitters
Accept coded electronic signals, process them to light signals and then send them off onto the fiber cable
Light signals generated by LEDs or lasers Different light sources have different wavelengths (lambda) Transmitter designed to emit 850, 1310 or 1550 nanometers
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Receivers
Other end of the cable receives the incoming light and converts back into electrical signal
Uses photo detector
Signal quality system performance characteristics Bit error rates number of errors that occurs between transmitter and receiver Saturation - maximum received power that can be received before distorting of signal and causing poor performance Sensitivity - minimum power that must be received on an incoming signal www.greenITcenter.org
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www.greenITcenter.org http://www.ciena.com/files/Optical_Networking_for_Dummies.pdf
CWDM and DWDM uses different technologies with different properties CWDM channels are different than DWDM channel CWDM is lower capacity and lower cost than DWDM CWDM is used for short range communication (50-80km) DWDM is used for long haul CWDM has fewer channels
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www.greenITcenter.org http://www.ciena.com/files/Optical_Networking_for_Dummies.pdf
References
Corning Fiber 101Tutorial http://media.corning.com/flash/opticalfiber/2008/fiber101/fiber101.html Sura Optical Networking Cookbook http://www.sura.org/info_tech/opcook/opcook.pdf Ciena Optical Networking for Dummies http://www.ciena.com/files/Optical_Networking_for_Dummies.pdf
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Credits
Diagrams:
Photo:
Pete Brierley
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Questions?
Feel free to contact the creator of this material
Karen Cheng, Associate Professor, Collin College kcheng@collin.edu
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402356. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation www.greenITcenter.org