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Types of Microscopes:
1. Compound Light Microscope (what we use most often)
3. Electron Microscopes
Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Arm
Stage
Stage Clips
Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Important Vocabulary :
magnification \mag-ne-fe-'ka-shen\ n 1. apparent enlargement of an object 2. the ratio of image size to actual size A magnification of "100x" means that the image is 100 times bigger than the actual object. resolution \rez-e-loo-shen\ n 1. clarity, sharpness 2. the ability of a microscope to show two very close points separately
Carrying a Microscope
Arm
Steps to Use:
1. Rotate the low power objective into place and make sure the stage is all the way down.
2. Place slide on stage making sure object to be viewed is centered over the hole in the stage. Use the stage clips to hold the slide in place. 3. Turn light on. 4. Focus first with the coarse adjustment knob. Once in focus on low power, turn the nosepiece until the next higher lens is in place. 5. Use FINE adjustment knob ONLY and focus the object.
Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Wet Mounts:
Poorly Done:
Nicely Done:
Principles of Staining
Stain- dye that binds to a cellular structure and gives it color + charge-basic= methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin and malachite green - charge-acidic= eosin and picric acid Simple stain- single dye and reveals basic cell shapes and structures Differential stain- 2 or more dyes: Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast and spore Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Gram Stain
Gram Stain- 1884 crystal violet (+) and iodine and ethanol decolorizer, and counterstained with safranin (-) Gram +=purple Gram - = red Gram non reactive= no stain Gram Variable= stain unevenly
Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Figure #: and Title Labeled drawing of the field of view. Label on the right using straight lines which should never cross. Common and scientific name of organism. Magnification you were viewing when you drew the organism: ocular X objective
Dr. Ashish V. Jawarkar
Remember:
1. If you are seeing perfectly round, clear circles then you just may be looking at air bubbles. Check your slide and try again.
2. Microscopes must always be properly put away. 3. Slides and cover-slips should be washed, dried, and returned to their proper place.