Professional Documents
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BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
Dr.R.Gururaj
CS&IS Dept.
Lecture Session-17
Introduction to Database Design activity The role of IT and Databases in large Orgs The Information system life-cycle The database system application life-cycle Main phases in database design UML in modeling Rational Rose
15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
Introduction
The overall database design activity has to undergo a systematic process called the design methodology. Various design methodologies are implicit in the design tools supplied by vendors. Ex: Designer 2000 : Oracle ERWin, BPWin, and AllFusion Component Modeler by Computer Ass. Sybase Enterprise Application Studio etc. Design of small databases with less than 20 users or less than 10 to 15 relations is not that complicated. But for large databases, database design is a very crucial activity.
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To accommodate such systems, organizations have created DBA positions and perhaps even Database Administration Departments to oversee and control database life-cycle activities.
15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
In large organizations IT and IRM have been recognized as keys to the successful management for the following reasons. Data is regarded as a corporate resource. Many functionalities are computerized and hence need to keep large volumes of data in up-to-the-minute current state. As the complexity of data and applications increase it has become essential to model complex relationships among the data. There is a tendency to consolidate information resources in Orgs. Many Orgs reduce costs be letting users to perform business transactions.
In early 1970s through mid 1980s the trend was to have centralized data repositories managed by single DBMS. Over the last 15-20 years new models have emerged because of: 1. PCs and database systems like MS Access, MySQL etc. have promoted personal databases. 2. Advent of distributed client-server architecture in DBMS 3. Many Orgs use Data dictionaries and Information repositories which are mini databases that manage data and help in effective information resource management.
15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
Thus a database system is part of a much larger organizational Information System. The Information System life-cycle is known as Macro life cycle. The Database System life-cycle is known as Micro life cycle .
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15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
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15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
1. Requirements collection
To know and analyze the expectations of the users and the intended uses of the database in as much detail as possible. To specify the requirements we must first identify the other parts of the information system that will interact with database system. These include existing users and applications. Major application areas and users. Existing system is studied- documents, reports, manuals, and organizational charts. Current operating environment- types of transactions and their frequencies, characteristics of users, flow of information, input and output data for the transactions. Written responses to sets of questions and interviews of individuals.
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SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
1. Top-down approach
2. Bottom-p approach
3. Inside-out strategy- it is a special case of bottom-up strategy. Initially focus is on central set of concepts that are most evident. Then spreads to other new concepts in the surroundings.
4. Mixed strategy
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SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
(b) Transaction Design The purpose is to design the characteristics of known database transactions in a DBMS independent way. To identify input/output behavior of transactions. To specify the functional characteristics of these transactions. Types of transactions : 1. Retrieval transactions 2. Update transactions 3. Mixed transactions
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SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
3. Choice of a DBMS
The choice of a DBMS is governed by a number of factorstechnical, economics, politics of the Org. Technical- suitability of a DBMS for given task, storage, access paths, QL supported, availability of tools, programmer interface, architectural options. Cost- SW acquisition, maintenance cost, HW cost, Database creation or conversion cost, personnel cost, training cost, operating cost. The advantages (intangible) of DBMS over file systems: 1. Data complexity 2. Sharing among applications 3. Dynamically evolving or growing data 4. Ad hoc retrieval of data 5. Data volume and need for control
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Dr.R.Gururaj
UML provides a mechanism in the form of diagrammatic notation and associated language syntax to cover the entire life-cycle. UML is used by software developers, data modelers, data designers, database architects, and so on to define the detailed specification of an application.
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SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj
The environment of the system (SW, HW) and deployment details can be specified using UML.
UML can be used to specify, visualize, construct, and document software components. UML can be used to represent high-level conceptual schema of the database.
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Dr.R.Gururaj
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Dr.R.Gururaj
2. Class Diagram
3. Sequence Diagram 4. Collaboration Diagram
5. State Diagram
6. Activity Diagram 7. Node Diagram 8. Component Diagram 9. Deployment Diagram
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Class diagrams
Relationships:
Association
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Multiplicity
Database Design & Applications Dr.R.Gururaj
Composition
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Class Diagram
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Sequence diagrams: A sequence diagram shows the time ordering of sequence of method calls. Shows communication pattern among objects. Represent message sequencing in the system.
Dr.R.Gururaj BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Sybase
Visio
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SSZG 518
Summary
What is Database Design activity The importance of IT and Databases in large Orgs The Information system life-cycle Macro/Micro The database system application life-cycle Main phases in database design UML in modeling and diagrams Rational Rose in database modeling Other automated tools for database design
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15/10/2013
SSZG 518
Dr.R.Gururaj