1.Introduction to Architecture 1.1What is Architecture?

People need places for their activity

These activities take place in buildings

A discipline concerned with design of bldg is Architecture

Hence Architecture
the Art and Science of designing buildings and habitable

structures

What is Art, Science and Design?

What is Art?
A creative human activity in which materials are shaped to

convey an idea, emotion, or visually interesting form

The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic

objects or experiences that can be shared with others

Divided into two
Fine Art: Painting, Sculptor, Music & Poetry Decorative Art: pottery, weaving, metalworking, and furniture making.

What is Science?
The systematic observation of natural events and

conditions
to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts

Divided into two

Natural Science: physics, biology, chemistry Social Science: like sociology, economics, geography

No creativity but based on research and discovery

What is Design?
A rational, logical, sequential process intended to solve

problems
Involves making a detailed plan of the form or structure of

something
Emphasizing features such as its appearance, convenience, durability and economy.

Then What is Architecture?

Architecture is a discipline which
uses art and science knowledge and skill to create, improve and restore static habitable structures specially buildings.

Then which one is Architecture?

A roller coaster A circus tent

Delachen monument
A boat Dembel city center

Architecture (contd)
According to Marcus Vitruvius, Architecture is
Commodity (function): serving a purpose Delight (aesthetics): visually pleasing & stimulate a sense organ Firmness ( strength): erectable and durable

Art: only aesthetics & serve a purpose Science: principles based on facts

 Task of designer is to change

1.2. Architecture and Other Related Disciplines

Client Needs to Concepts to Building Image

Three parties involve in realization of Client Needs

Client
Idea Needs Money

Design Team

Construction Team

Architect ( Coordinator) UP and UE Surveyor & Geologist Structural Engineer Electrical Engineer Mechanical Engineer Sanitary Engineer

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Design isn't a single professional task

Role of Architect: coordination & leadership

E.g.: Sheraton Addis

It is important to know other related disciplines including

Urban Planning & Design Civil Engineering Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Sanitary Engineering

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Urban Planning

the organization of all elements of a town or urban envi.

dealt with land use and the physical arrangement of city
structures taking into consideration economical, social, physical environmental, administrative, historical. aspects

urban planning document related to Architecture contains

zoning ordinances like residential, commercial zone subdivision regulations like plot size building and housing codes like height limitation

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Urban Engineering

the application of science ( specially physics, maths and

chemistry) in the design of urban infrastructure like

Urban Houses and related buildings

Urban Roads & Bridge Urban Water Supply, Urban Drainage & Sewerage System

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Urban Design

Before 1960s: Archre & UP were the same

After 1960s, split into
UP: focus on land use pattern & organization of services &
infrastructure Architecture : focus on design of buildings

Gap is created: who is responsible for public spaces

Urban design is the art & science of design of public spaces

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Civil Engineering

Practical application of science and math in the design of

structures like road, bridge, dam etc

Building components
Architectural: non supporting & space defining: walls, windows Structural : supporting like foundation, beam, column, slab

Civil (Structural) Engineer

design structural parts of a building

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Electrical Engineering

design and manufacture of systems and devices that use

electric power and signals

Building components includes electrical system

switches, sockets, light points, water pump

Electrical Engineer
design the electrical system of a building

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Mechanical Engineering

design and manufacture all types of machineries

building also include mechanical systems like
elevators, escalators, heating, cooling, ventilating systems

Mechanical Engineer
designs the mechanical systems of a building

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Sanitary Engineering

design of water supply , drainage and sewerage system

in a building
we need water and swear will be produced

Sanitary Engineer
designs the water supply, sewerage and drainage system of a
building and its compound

Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Other Disciplines

in a design of advanced buildings like museums, cinemas,

meeting halls, hotels other disciples may involve

Light Engineer
Acoustics Engineer

Interior Architect

Landscape Architect etc

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Examples of Residential Bldg

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Examples of Residential Bldg