RAMANATHAN.

S 1511310025

Concrete deterioration:
There are many things that can influence and cause concrete to deteriorate, however it typically occurs when the material is exposed the weather, water or other chemicals over an extended period of time. If correctly constructed and protected from these elements the structure will last for decades with very few maintenance issues.

Causes of deterioration:

Accidental loading
Chemical reactions Design and construction errors

Freezing and thawing

Settlement and shrinkage Temperature changes

Chemical reaction

Aggressive water attack soft water is generally a aggressive water It has low concentration of dissolved minerals.
Effect due to this water attack you can find rough concrete where the paste has been leached away

Sulfate attack

Mostly occurs in the foundation level and masonry structures Sulfate ions present in the soil and ground water reacts with concrete to form crystals of sulfate salts in the concrete structures Preventive measures: use of high quality cement with low water cement ratio instead of OPC PPC and sulfate resistant cement can be used

Other chemical reactions such as Alkali carbonate rock reaction and Alkali silica reactions do occur

Poor workmanship 1) adding too much water to concrete 2) poor alignment of formwork 3) improper consolidation 4) improper curing 5) premature removal of formworks

Corrosion:

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a common cause of damage to concrete It leads to spalling of concrete Prevention: using low slump concrete proper curing providing adequate cover provide suitable drainage

Design mistakes

poor design details insufficient reinforcement in corner and joints inadequate provision for drainage improper development length insufficient expansion joints abrupt changes in section incompatibility of materials

Case study on RCC ROADS

These cracks are formed exactly after 1 month of completion These cracks are mainly due to improper curing and DRYING SHRINKAGE effect of concrete

RCC ROADS
Expansion joints has to be provided to avoid shrinkage effects The distance between each joints should be 3 to 4 meters

RCC ROADS
Methods to prevent plastic shrinkage: A method called VDF is adapted for RCC roads (VDF-VACCUM DEWATERED FLOORING ) It totally avoids the bleeding effect of the concrete which in turn increase the life and aesthetics of the road

Case study 2 : effect of temperature in compound structures

Case study 2
This a special concrete known as GROUTING CEMENT (GP 2) is used Due to excessive temperature exposure (1500c) cracks are developed in all four corners

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