CHNG 4: CONG NGHIEP

TRONG QUA TRNH PHAT TRIEN

I. KHAI NIEM
II. VAI TRO CUA CONG NGHIEP
TRONG QUA TRNH PHAT TRIEN
III. CAC IEU KIEN TIEN E
CHO CONG NGHIEP HOA
IV. CAC VAN E CAN QUAN
TAM TRONG QUA TRNH CNH
I. KHAI NIEM
- Cong nghiep bao gom cac lnh vc: khai thac, che tao va xay dng.
- Cong nghiep hoa la qua trnh thay oi c cau kinh te theo hng gia tang ty
trong cong nghiep noi chung, cong nghiep che tao noi rieng trong GDP.
- 10 tieu chuan e mot nen KT hien ai hoa:
(1)GDP binh quan>3000($PPP);
(2) %NN/GDP 12-15%;
(3) % lao ong dch vu 45%;
(4) % lao ong phi NN 75%;
(5) % biet ch >80%;
(6) % hoc ai hoc 12-15%;
(7) % dan o th>50%;
(8) so dan / bac s <100;
(9) tuoi tho trung bnh >70;
(10) toc o tang dan so <1%
III. CAC IEU KIEN TIEN E
1- ieu kien t nhien:
- dien tch rong thng co nhieu TNTN
- v tr a ly (ven bien, tren ng giao thng
quoc te)
-kh hau.
- dan so (co the tac ong)
2- Chnh sach mau dch trong va ngoai nc cang ci m,cang
thong thoang th cong nghiep phat trien cang nhanh va thuan li(
o m ca XK/ GDP>= 20% hng ngoai; thue quan thap; t ngan
cam)

Hoan
toan
khach quan
3. Giao duc, ao tao
Viet Nam Thai Lan Han Quoc
au t GD/ngi($)
15 56 225
au t/CB
NCKH/nam ($)
1000 55000
Sinh vien/van dan
118 2166
So can bo KH-CN/
van dan
61 103
au t R&D/ngi($)
1,78 3,2 174,2
5. Moi trng v mo & c quan chc nang
- Moi trng KT v mo on nh ( tang trng cao, lam phat thap, that
nghiep thap..)
- Nang lc the che : khung phap luat (toan dien, ong bo, thong nhat,
minh bach, kha thi)
- Nang lc chnh phu:
Trnh o soan thao van ban, qui pham phap luat
Mc o hieu qua cua chi tieu chnh phu
Chnh sach tai khoa
Cai cach hanh chnh
V. CAC VAN E CAN QUAN TAM: 1- o
th hoa.
Ty le dan o th
(%)
So thanh pho > 1 trieu
dan
1800 3 0
1900 13,6 11
1950 28,2 75
1970 35 162
1992 42
2000 >50 >350 va cac sieu o th
Cong nghiep phat trien manh tai cac o th v:
1- Cac TP la ni cung cap nguyen lieu noi a va nhap khau
2- TP la ni cung cap lao ong
3- TP la ni tap trung bo may chnh quyen nha nc & c quan
chc nang TC, bao hiem, ngan hang..
4- C s ha tang TP tot hn nong thon.
5- Dch vu phat trien manh
6- TP la th trng tieu thu hap dan
7- Y tng, tri thc c quang ba nhanh chong
Van nan cua tnh trang tap trung dan qua ong:
1- Gay sc ep oi vi van e lng thc, thc pham, chat ot.
2- Khong cung cap u cac dch vu cong cong (ien, nc, ve sinh..)

3- Tat nghen giao thong.
4- O nhiem moi trng.
5- te nan xa hoi
Giai phap cho tnh trang tap trung dan ong:
1- M rong qui mo thanh pho hien co
2- Xay dng cac thanh pho ve tinh.
3- Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat.
4- Phat trien c s ha tang.
5- Khuyen khch t nhan tham gia cac dch vu o th.
6- Phat trien nong thon.
7- Kiem soat toc o tang dan so
2- La chon cong nghe
CN
Th/dung
ky thuat
CN tham
dung von
Cong nghe tham
dung lao ong
Cong nghe tham
dung tai nguyen
Phat
trien
nhay
vot
Cong nghiep phat trien manh tai cac o th v:
1- Cac TP la ni cung cap nguyen lieu noi a va nhap khau
2- TP la ni cung cap lao ong
3- TP la ni tap trung bo may chnh quyen nha nc & c quan
chc nang TC, bao hiem, ngan hang..
4- C s ha tang TP tot hn nong thon.
5- Dch vu phat trien manh
6- TP la th trng tieu thu hap dan
7- Y tng, tri thc c quang ba nhanh chong
3- Li the kinh te theo qui mo
TC = FC + VC
Z = TC / Q = FC/ Q = VC /Q
Khi Q tang, FC/Q giam,
VC/Q khong oi Tac pham
chnh giam
San xuat qui mo ln co ieu
kien phan cong chuyen mon
hoa sau oi vi MMTBva lao
ong nang suat tang, hieu
qua tang

Chi Ph /vsp
LEC
O
Qo Q
4. Phat trien cong nghiep qui mo va va nho
1- Khai niem: va va nho (von va lao ong)
My (lao ong < 500); Nhat (l < 300, von <900000$); Han Quoc
(l<300, von < 600000$); Viet Nam (l <300, von <10 ty VND)
- Theo Cuc phat trien DN nho ieu tra 63.000 DN tai 30 tnh,
TP pha Bac gan 50% co mc von < 1 ty; 75% co mc
von < 2 ty va 90% DN co mc von< 5 ty



4. Phat trien cong nghiep qui mo va va nho
2-Vai tro cua CN qui mo va va nho:
- Tao viec lam chi ph thap.
- Lam nen kinh te nang ong, hieu qua.
- Phat huy nguon lc a phng.
- Gi gn, phat huy ng/ nghe truyen thong.
- Tan dung tai nang quan tr kinh doanh.



U THE:
- Can t von, mat bang
nho, ieu kien SX n
gian
- Phan ng nhanh nhay
vi nhu cau ngi tieu
dung
- De oi mi cong nghe
HAN CHE:
- Hien ai hoa thap anh
hng en nang suat,
chat lng, hieu qua
tieu dung noi a
- Kho khan trong hp
tac quoc te.
- Trnh o nhan lc han
che.
ac thu Viet Nam
- Tron lau thue.
- Tron ang ky kinh
doanh.
- Hoat ong phan tan,
kho quan ly.
- Tap trung thng mai,
dch vu.
- Boc lot lao ong
Ho tr cua Nha nc
- Thu tuc hanh chnh
- Ho tr von, mat bang,
thong tin.
- Mien giam thue
- ao tao nhan lc.
- On dnh moi trng v
mo.
- Hp tac quoc te
5- Phat trien cong nghiep song song phat trien nong nghiep
Cong nghiep cung cap cho nong nghiep:
- May moc thiet b
- Vat t nong nghiep
- Hang tieu dung
- La th trng cua NN
Nong nghiep cung cap cho cong nghiep:
- Lng thc, thc pham.
- Nguyen lieu cho CNCB.
- Lao ong.
- Von.
- La th trng cua CN

7. Cai gia ma xa hoi phai tra cho CNH
1- Van nan cua tnh trang tap trung cao.
2- Thai o vat chat hoa:
Ty le ly hon ngay cang tang
ww
Ty le toi pham tre v thanh nien tang.
Ngi gia co n tang.
Ngi tre co n
Beo ph
Suy nhc than kinh