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Why OTN?
Standard for optical networks required Optical interconnection between equipment from different vendors Optical interconnection between different operators Once called digital wrapper because it wraps any client signal in overhead information for operations,administration, and management Framing of client signal of different protocols for transport over the physical optical layer E.g. IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or SDH Takes SDH/SONET further, enabling optical functionality From a single to multiple wavelengths Forward Error Correction (FEC) What is FEC?
Properties of OTN
Protocol transparency
Handles any protocol-stack and gives a physical layer to higher layer protocols like e.g. IP
FEC
Reduces cost, improves performance
Reduction of 3R regeneration
Allows management of all-optical network elements
Interfaces
Inter-domain interfaces (IrDI)
Location between networks of two operators Location between sub-networks of two vendors in the same operator domain The location within the sub-network of one vendor 3R regeneration Why?
Intra- IaDI within e.g. an operator Inter- IrDI between operators or connection to e.g. a customer (client)
OTN hierarchy
Client Client OPU ODU
OH
OH
OH
OTU
OCh payload Non Associated overhead OCCp OCCp OCCp OMS payload
OCCp OCCp
OCC
OTS payload
7 8
14 15 16 17
3824 3825
4080
OPU-OH
OTU-OH
ODU-OH
Client
FEC
TCM5 PM
FTFL
PT RES
TCM2
ACT: Activation/deactivation control channel APS: Automatic Protection Switching PCC Protection Communication Channel EXP: Experimental, 2 bytes FAS: Frame Alignment Signal, 6 bytes, are used to delineate the frame FTFL: Fault Type & Fault Location, 256 byte, faults in the forward and reverse directions GCC: General Communication Channel, 2 bytes MFAS: MultiFrame Alignment Signal PCC: Protection Communication Control channel PM: Path Monitoring, 3bytes monitor the end-to-end path
PSI: Payload Structure Identifier , 256bytes RES: Reserved for future international SM: Section Monitoring, trail trace identifier,BIP-8 byte, and alarm signals TTI: identification of the two end points of the optical connection BIP-8: (bit interleaved parity8) used to monitor the bit error rate alarm signals : backward error indicator TCM: Tandem Connection Monitoring , to monitor the error performance of a signal for different applications
Forward error control(FEC) 16 FEC blocks of 16 bytes for the row. 64 bytes/frame Reed-Solomon RS(255,239) code Uses 16 byte interleaved codecs. Can correct up to eight symbol errors(correction mood) and detect up to 16 symbol errors in the code (detection mood). Enables communications to maintain acceptable performance quality in noisy environment. Provide additional coded data for error checking and error correction
Non-linear
Four wave mixing Self phase modulation Cross phase modulation
Multiplexing
Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) Time Division Multiplex (TDM) TDM Tributary Slots TDM Overhead TDM Mapping
Summary OTN
Management to the high bandwidth WDM network SDH/SONET single wavelength, OTN multiple wavelengths Builds on management functionality from SDH/SONET Monitoring functionality GCC channels for management communication Transparency to other protocols, e.g. IP Wrap whatever you like FEC compensates physical impairments, increases costefficiency OTN switching is being deployed OTN transmission and switching market is increasing rapidly