Elements Forming Compounds

Chapter 2
Atoms and Ionic Bonds

Chapter 2, Section 1
 Inside an Atom
Structure of an Atom

 Atoms consists of 3 particles: proton, & neutron

(nucleus), electron
Valence Electrons
 Protons carry + charge
 Valence electrons are electrons that are
 Electrons carry – charge either farthest away from nucleus or most
loosely held b y the nucleus
 Neutrons carry neutral charge
 Number of valence electrons is the key to
 Equal numbers of protons and electrons
how an atom reacts with other atoms
because valence electrons are involved in
 Atoms have a balanced charge bonding

 Electron dot diagram- consists of the

symbol for an element surrounded by dots
What are the three particles
found in atoms?

How do they differ?

 Valence Electrons and the
Periodic Table
 Elements in the same group of the periodic table usually have
the same number of valence electrons in their atoms

 Therefore, they share certain physical and chemical

properties

 When atoms react, either the number of valence electrons

increases to eight or all are lost

 The atom becomes chemically stable with 8 valence electrons

Electron Transfer and Bonding
 When atoms have fewer than four valence electrons, they can
transfer these to other atoms that have more than four

 Ion- an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically

charged

 When an atom loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and

becomes a positive ion

 When an atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and

becomes a negative ion
 Forming
Forming an Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond- the attraction
between two oppositely charged
ions
an Ionic Compounds are electrically
Bond neutral

NaCl
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions- ions made of more than one atoms

Each polyatomic ion as a group of atoms has an overall + or

– charge

If a polyatomic ion combines with another ion of opposite

chare, an ionic compound forms

CO3 2- and Ca 2+ form CaCO3

  For an ionic compound, the name of
the positive ion comes 1st, followed by

Naming the negative ion

 Name of the + ion is usually a metal or

Ionic
a positive polyatomic ion

 End of the name of – ionic element

Compounds
changes to –ide

 If – ion is polyatomic, its name is

unchaged

MgO: Magnesium Oxide

Na2CO3: sodium carbonate

 Physical Properties of
Ionic Compounds

Physical properties of ionic compounds include crystal

shape, high melting points, and electrical conductivity
 Crystal- ions form an orderly,
three-dimensional arrangement
called a crystal
Every ion is attracted to ions
near that have an opposite
charge
NaCl crystal

Crystal
Shape
High Melting Points
When particles have enough energy to overcome the
attractive forces between them, they break away from
each other

Ionic bonds are strong enough to cause all ionic compounds

to be solids at room temperature
Electrical Conductivity
 Electricity is the flow of electric charge, and ions have
electric charges

 Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity well

 When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the solution conducts

electricity

 Melting ionic compounds also allows them to conduct

electricity because particles move