Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BGTECH121 GROUP 7
EDEN, MIRAZEL R. LATADE, LARRYSA ANNE B. SALONGA, JOHNICA PAULINE P. VENDIOLA, KARA ALLIANA M.
1. SCREW
Used to fit materials such as chipboard, MDF and natural woods together. Used to join materials together permanently although as they can be unused with relative ease they are also good as a way of fixing materials temporarily.
TYPES OF SCREW
a. COUNTERSUNK SLOT HEAD
b. POZIDRIV HEAD
Used with special screw drivers which will not slip when pressure is applied. This is ideal when using screws in corners or confined spaces.
This can be used for general woodworking for example fitting hinges to doors.
Used for fixing pieces of material together where countersunk holes are not being used. Round head screws can look quite decorative especially if they are made of brass.
Can be used for fitting fixtures such as mirrors. The 'cap', which is the dome shape is usually chromed or made from brass. It also makes the head of the screw safe as the doom has no sharp edges to catch and cut hands/fingers.
f. CHIPBOARD SCREWS
The thread on this type of screw extends all the way along the length. It is best used with chipboard.
cap
g. SELF-TAPPING SCREWS
Normally used to cut a thread in metal. Can be used for joining thin metal sheet. A hole is drilled in the metal, a fraction smaller than the width of the screw. The self-tapping screw is then turned into the hole cutting a thread.
2. NAILS
Using nails is an effective way of fixing or joining pieces of softwood together. Hardwoods can be difficult to join with nails as they tend to bend under the impact of the hammer.
TYPES OF NAILS
a. ROUND WIRE NAIL
This is used for general work. It is not attractive in shape and it can split wood when hammered in position.
A very popular way of joining woods although glue is usually included as part of the join.
d. PANEL PIN
e. TACK
Can be used for fixing textile materials to wood for example, fixing upholstery to furniture.
f. SPRIG
This no head and is generally used for fixing glass to glass in wood frames.
g. ANNULAR NAIL
The teeth of this nail hold it in place firmly. Therefore, it is used for fixing plywood and other materials.
h. HARDBOARD PIN
The diamond shaped head is hidden when used in materials like hardboard.
i. CORRUGATED FASTENER
This will hold the corners of wood frames firmly together
Acetate)
Is a very popular glue as they do not need preparation. These glues are supplied in a plastic container and can be used straight away.
c. Cascamite
Is a waterproof glue and is probably the must effective glue of all. It must be stirred thoroughly until it becomes a smooth/creamy paste. Is a quality glue and is suitable for all furniture especially if used outside as it resists rain water. The stages involved in the use of cascamite are outlined below.
b. Contact adhesive
Can be used to join plastics. The adhesive is applied to both surfaces and when the surfaces appear to be dry they are pushed together. If the two pieces of material are left for a number of hours, they are virtually impossible to take apart.
c. Epoxy resin
Hardens when a second chemical is added (called a catalyst). It can bond most materials including some plastics. An equal amount of each tube are mixed together and then applied to the material to be glued.
Another adhesive that joins plastics together, very quickly. Great care must be taken when using this type of glue as it will just as easily glue fingers together. For this reason super glue is not used in schools.
e. Glue gun Can be used to join a variety of plastics. This glue usually gives a semi-permanent joint as surfaces glued together can sometimes come apart. The glue is a type of plastic that melts when hot and solidifies when it cools. Be careful to select that right type of glue stick - this depends on the material to be glued. General purpose glue sticks are usually used in schools.
NOTE: Ventilation is vital when using all these glues. Ideally an extractor should be used to extract all the dangerous fumes.
5. HINGES
a. BUTT HINGE
Comes in a range of sizes from 13mm to 150mm and is normally used for cabinet doors. They are very strong but cannot be adjusted once they are fitted.
b. BUTTERFLY HINGE
This is often used on light-weight doors and different shapes and patterns are available. They are generally easy to fit.
c. FLUSH HINGE
This type of hinge does not require a recess to be cut. They are not as strong as butt hinges but can be used for light-weight doors and small box construction.
d. BARREL HINGE
This comes in two parts. The threaded part of the hinge is screwed into a pre-drilled hole. They are easy to fit and the hinge can be dismantled.
e. CONCEALED HINGE
These normally come in two sizes (25mm and 36mm. The hinge is adjustable once fitted and is designed with chipboard and MDF in mind.
BATTEN)
A piece of material such as pine can be drilled and screws can be passed through these holes. This gives a cheap and effective knockdown joint. The screws are normally countersunk into the knockdown fitting.
d. RIGID JOINT
These are normally molded in plastic which makes them strong. Screws pass through the four holes which hold the sides at each corner firmly together.
e. SCAN FITTINGS
These are strong enough to be either permanent or temporary joints. The cylinder is inserted into the first side of a cabinet in a pre-drilled hole. The screw is then pushed through the hole in the second side until it meets the cylinder. It can then be tightened with a screw driver until both sides of the cabinet pull together.
f. CAM LOCKS
The disk fits into a recess in the first side of the cabinet. It rotates by inserting a screwdriver into the slot in its side. The shaft is screwed into the second side of the cabinet. The collar of the shaft is passed through the hole in the second slot in the disk. When the disk rotates the shaft is locked in position. This keeps both sides of the cabinet locked together.
a. The coach bolt has a square collar under the domed head and this locks into the wood when the nut is tightened.
b. The countersunk machine screw fits level with the surface of the wood/metal/plastic. A screwdriver is used to keep the bolt still whilst the wing nut is tightened by hand.
A plain washer prevents the nut sinking into the surface of the wood/plastic/metal
If there is a need to prevent, a nut and bolt loosening a spring washer is used.
8. RIVETS
Used to join plates together and they have been used for hundreds of years. Before the widespread use of welding, rivets were used in heavy industries such as ship building.
Rivets are available made from other materials such as copper and brass.
a.
Pop riveting -Is a technique that is used to join thin pieces of metal and it can also be used to join plastic sheet.
The rivet has two parts; the pin and the rivet. The pop rivet pliers are used to pull the pin through the rivet and as this happens the rivet is deformed slightly so that it joins the metal or plastic pieces. This technique is used where the metal or plastic is thin and where the joint does not have to be very strong. It is ideal for joining aluminums or even thin sheet plastic.
1. The two pieces of plastic or aluminums are drilled to a size slightly larger than the rivet
2. The pop rivet is passed through both holes in the sheet plastic / aluminum.
3. The rivet pliers are pushed on to the pin of the rivet and the handles are pulled together. As this happens the pin head is pulled into the rivet and the end of the rivet is expanded. Eventually the pin will break off leaving the rivet permanently fixed in position holding the two pieces of plastic / aluminums together.
b. Cold Rivets
Cold rivets are still used in school workshops although the modern pop-riveting technique is more popular.
Snap Head
Below are two steel plates that have been joined permanently using steel 'snap head' rivets. The plates cannot move a part because the rivets hold them firmly together.
Pan Head
Mushroom
Countersunk
HARDWARE SUPPLIES
BGTECH121 GROUP 7
EDEN, MIRAZEL R. LATADE, LARRYSA ANNE B. SALONGA, JOHNICA PAULINE P. VENDIOLA, KARA ALLIANA M.