U-LI 201 Spectrum Test and Instructions For YBT250-20080613-A-1.0

Internal
Spectrum Test and Instructions for YBT250

ISSUE1.0
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
The WCDMA system is a restricted
communication system by the interference. The network quality, capacity and coverage are all related to the background noise.
When design the radio network, we must
obtain the strength of the background noise in the coverage area.

If strong interference exists within the band,
spectrum test need to be performed, or the operator have to apply for new frequency spectrum.
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Page 1
After studying this course, you should be able to:

Know the sources of electromagnetic background interference. Master the methods for electromagnetic background test.
Know how to use YBT250 for spectrum test.
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Page 2
Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5
Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference Introduction to Interference Test Tools Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test Instructions for YBT250
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Page 3
Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

1.1 Bands Used in the WCDMA System 1.2 Interference Requirements for UE Reception 1.3 Interference Requirements for NodeB Reception
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Bands used in the WCDMA system

Operating Band I II III UpLink Band UE transmit, Node B receive 1920 - 1980 MHz 1850 -1910 MHz 1710-1785 MHz DownLink Band UE receive, Node B transmit 2110 -2170 MHz 1930 -1990 MHz 1805-1880 MHz
IV
V VI VII VIII IX
1710-1755 MHz
824 - 849MHz 830-840 MHz 2500 - 2570 MHz 880 - 915 MHz 1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz
2110-2155 MHz
869-894MHz 875-885 MHz 2620 - 2690 MHz 925 - 960 MHz 1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz
Band I, II, V and VII are most popular used in the world.
Band I is used in China.
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Determine the impact of interference on the system according to experience, as
shown in the following table (for UE).

Interference Band
Interference Level Not Affecting Receiver Sensitivity (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 0.1 dB) Acceptable Interference Level (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 3 dB) Acceptable Interference Level (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 6 dB)
Interference That Seriously Effects Equipment Indexes Instead of Equipment Running, Lower Than the Maximum Signal Strength (-25 dBm) the UE Can Receive by 10 dB
Protocol Requirement
2110-2170 MHz (cofrequency interference) 2095-2185 MHz (adjacent channel interference, deviated from the carrier by 5 MHz) 2095-2185 MHz (in-band blocking, deviated from the carrier by 10 MHz) 2095-2185 MHz (in-band blocking, deviated from the carrier by 15 MHz) Other bands (out-of-band blocking and spurious response)
-117 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-101 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-96 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
The required sensitivity is -107 dBm/ 3.84 MHz. -66 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB) -56 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB) -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB) -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB)
-82 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-66 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-61 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-16 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-72 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-56 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
Note: dBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals. The reference port for measurement is the reception port of the UE antenna. The reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101.
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Determine the impact of interference on the system according to experience,
as shown in the following table (for NodeB).

Interference Level Not Affecting Receiver Sensitivity (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 0.1 dB) -121 dBm/ 3.84 MHz Acceptable Interference Level (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 3 dB) -105 dBm/ 3.84 MHz Acceptable Interference Level (With the Sensitivity Worsened by 6 dB) -100 dBm/ 3.84 MHz Interference That Seriously Effects Equipment Indexes Instead of Equipment Running, Lower Than the Maximum Signal Strength (-70 dBm) the UE Can Receive by 10 dB -80 dBm/ 3.8 4MHz Specification for NodeB Indexes
Interference Band
1920-1980 MHz (cofrequency interference) 1900-2000 MHz (adjacent channel interference, deviated from the carrier by 5 MHz) 1900-2000 MHz (in-band blocking) 1900-2000 MHz (out-ofband blocking) 935-960 MHz 1805-1880 MHz (out-ofband blocking) Other bands (out-ofband blocking)
The sensitivity specification is -123 dBm/3.84MHz.
-63 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-47 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-22 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
-51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -46 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-10 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -5 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
-30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB) -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB) 16 dBm/Hz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB) -5 dBm/Hz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)
-5 dBm/Hz
11 dBm/Hz
16 dBm/Hz
36 dBm/Hz
-26 dBm/Hz
-10 dBm/Hz
-5 dBm/Hz
15 dBm/Hz
Note: dBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals. The reference port for measurement is the reception port of the NodeB antenna. The reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101. During analysis, the index for adjacent channel interference and in-band blocking is 10 dB better than that specified in the protocol. This is the RF index the NodeB can ensure.
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Interference requirements for UE reception (taking the band 2110 2170 MHz as an example)
Interference band: 2110 - 2170 MHz Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -117 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB Acceptable interference: -101 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB Acceptable interference: -96 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of equipment running: -35dBm/3.84MHz, lower than the maximum signal strength (-25 dBm) the UE can receive by 10 dB Sensitivity: at least -107 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol
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Interference requirements for NodeB reception (taking the band 1920 -1980 MHz as example)
Interference band: 1920 - 1980 MHz Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -121 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB Acceptable interference: - 105 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 3 dB Acceptable interference: - 100 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of equipment running: -80 dBm/3.84MHz Sensitivity: at least -123 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5
Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference Introduction to Interference Test Tools Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test Instructions for YBT250
Huawei Confidential
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Chapter 2
2.1
Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference

2G Band Allocation
2.2
Analysis on Interference Sources
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2G Band Allocation
In china, 2G bands are allocated as follows:

Planning of Bands 1.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz in China
Band (MHz) 1710~1720/1805~1815 1745~1755/1840~1850 1800~1805 1850~1865/1920~1945 1865~1880/1954~1960 1880~1900/1960~1980 1900~1920 Occupation GSM1800 for China Mobile GSM1800 for China Unicom SCDMA (Beijing Xinwei) Reserved PCS1900 (not occupied) FDD WIL (used by China Telecom and China Unicom in some cities by the end of 2002) TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)
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Chapter 2
2.1 2.2

2G Band Allocation Analysis on Interference Sources
TDD WLL
FDD WLL Microwave transmission Repeater
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Analysis of Interference Sources

TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)
The system occupies the 1900 -1920 MHz band. For the PHS system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel is smaller than or equal to 288 KHz. For the DECT system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel is smaller than or equal to 1533 KHz.
FDD WLL
Uplink band: 1880 -1900 MHz Downlink band: 1960 -1980 MHz The bandwidth occupied by the system is 1.25 MHz. The EiRP of a typical NodeB is about 25 dBm.
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Analysis of Interference Sources
Microwave transmission
Occupied bandwidth: usually over several MHz. Normal reception level of microwave is about -60 dBm, imposing a great impact on the WCDMA system.
Repeater
Nonstandard installation results in insufficient antenna isolation, thus selfexcitation. This affects normal running of the NodeB where the repeater is installed. The repeater is a wide-band non-linear amplifier. Its intermodulation index exceeds the one specified in the protocol. The repeater easily causes interference to nearby NodeBs when its power is too large.
Others
Some communication devices occupy WCDM bands. Unreasonable installation and isolation result in high harmonic signals and thus cause interference to the WCDMA system. In addition, radar is also a common interference source.
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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5
Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference Introduction to Interference Test Tools Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test Instructions for YBT250
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Chapter 3
1.1
1.2 1.3
Introduction to Interference Test Tools

Spectrum Analyzer
Antenna Low Noise Amplifier
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Interference Test Tools
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer is used to test frequency domain features of signals, covering spectrum, adjacent channel power, fast time domain scanning, spurious radiation and intermodulation attenuation. Key indexes
Resolution bandwidth (RBW) Input frequency and central frequency (F0) Sensitivity Span Reference level (RefLvl) Video filter bandwidth (VBW) Input signal attenuation (ATT) Detection mode (RMS) Sweep time
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Main technical indexes of various spectrum analyzers
Model HP8591E HP8594E HP8595E HP8561E YBT250
Working Band 30 - 1.8 GHz 30 - 2.9 GHz 30 - 6.5 GHz 30 - 6.5 GHz 30 - 2500 MHz
Sensitivity (1 Hz) -145 dBm -142 dBm -142 dBm -145 dBm -132 dBm
Minimum Resolution Bandwidth 30 Hz 30 Hz 30 Hz 1 Hz 1 KHz
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Antenna
Omnidirectional antenna: It facilitates interference measurement instead of interference location. Directional antenna: It is used to search interference sources. The more distinct the directivity is and the higher the gain is, the stronger the searching capability is. Common directional antennas:
Panel antenna Yagi antenna Log periodic antenna
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Low noise amplifier (LNA)

Used to improve the receiver sensitivity of the testing instrument.
During a test, we can select the LNA with 30 dB gain and 5 dB noise coefficient.
Additional power supply needs to be considered for the LNA. Some testing instruments (like YBT250 ) are configured a built-in LNA.
For a cascade network, the noise coefficient of the system depends on level-1 noise coefficient when a high gain amplifier is configured at the front end of the system.
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Chapter 1
Chapter 2

Chapter 3
Chapter 4

Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test
Chapter 5
Instructions for YBT250
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Chapter 4
4.1

Preparations
4.2
4.3 4.4
Setting Basic Parameters

Measurement Procedure Data Processing
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Preparations
Master local radio band planning and the usage of radio equipment by enterprises
For pilot networks
No available frequency is determined and the testing frequency is allocated temporarily. During a spectrum test, you need to scan the entire band or select several 5 MHz bands for test according to the local frequency resources for use at the later phase.
For commercial networks

Frequency resources are determined. The test focuses on the bands used by the operator and is intended to eliminate interference at the bands in use.
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Preparations
Determine the test time and place

Uplink electromagnetic interference test
Test place: the place where the NodeB antenna is installed. Conduct the test in three directions (0, 120 and 240).
Use a portable antenna or the NodeBs antenna.
Downlink electromagnetic interference test

Select a certain quantity of typical points within the cell coverage for test. Conduct the test in three directions (0, 120 and 240).
Use a portable antenna.

Perform a drive test, drive the vehicle slowly along the main streets covered by a cell and then stop the vehicle for further test when detecting the interference.
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Preparations
Prepare tools and make sure that they are available:

Spectrum analyzer GPS receiver Compass Testing antenna Vehicle
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Preparations
Prepare tools and make them available:

Connect an LNA to the spectrum analyzer with low receiver sensitivity.
Device Yagi antenna Bandpass filter YBT250 spectrum analyzer LNA
Connector Model N (female) N (female) N (female) SMA (male)
During system connection, check whether connectors are matched and ensure continuous power supply for
the instruments.
Yaqi antenna Filter LNA
Feeder
Feeder 50 ohm matched load
N (male)
N (male)/SMA (male) N (male)
Cable
YBT250 spectrum analyzer
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Chapter 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Preparations Setting Basic Parameters Measurement Procedure Data Processing
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Setting Basic Parameters
Set the following basic parameters

Parameter Fo SPAN Parameter Value Uplink: Fo=1950; downlink: Fo=2140 (MHz) For example, SPAN=100 MHz Remarks Central frequency of the spectrum under test Span of the testable spectrum
MaxHold /Average
Select MaxHold or Average according to occurrent or continuous interference respectively.

Do not select AutoLevel. Set the reference level according to the testing signal and try to display the signal in the middle of the spectrum analyzer. 10 dB/div (default)
Display the maximum value/the average value
RefLvl
Reference level
Vertical Scale
Vertical scale
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Chapter 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

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Measurement Procedure
Determining the test azimuth

Select the position where the NodeB antenna is installed for test. Usually, you need to conduct the test in three directions. If the direction of the NodeB antenna is determined, make the testing antenna be in the same direction as the NodeB antenna.
Searching interference
Search interference within the uplink band and then within the downlink band. Specific operations:
Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface and set Fo and Span. Fill in the record table, save data files, and check whether there is interference.
Judge rule: whether there is interference waveform higher than the noise floor.
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Interference confirmation
During interference search, if there is interference, conduct a interference confirmation test. Specific steps are as follows:
Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and set Fo to a central frequency point near interference, Span to 3 interference bandwidth, and Channel Bandwidth to 4 M. Read the in-band interference power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.
In-band test
For the customer pilot, test the in-band power for all the candidate channels. For commercial offices, focus on testing the in-band power for the available channels. Specific steps are as follows: Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel Bandwidth to 5 M, and Span to 3 interference bandwidth. Read the in-band power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.
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Downlink drive test
Downlink drive test means driving a vehicle slowly along the main streets covered by a cell and conducting a point test after discovering large interference. Specific operations:
Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface.

Set Fo to 2140 MHz and Span to 60 MHz. Search interference when the vehicle moves at a speed lower than 15 km/h.
Point test items include:

Set Fo to a central frequency point near the interference, Channel Bandwidth to 4 MHz, and Span to 3 interference bandwidth. Record the in-band interference power. Or set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel Bandwidth to 5 MHz, and Span to 3 channel bandwidth. Record the inband power.
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Chapter 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

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Data Processing
After completing measurement, perform data processing.
After completing measurement for the test area, output WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test Form
After completing measurement for the entire local network, output

Report on WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test
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Question
Is the interference level obtained
from the electromagnetic interference test equal to the level of the interference signals at the top of the NodeB or at the antenna port of the MS?
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Answer
The testing system and WCDMA
system adopt different antennas and feeders. Therefore, you need to calculate the level of the interference signals at the top of the NodeB or at the antenna port of the MS according to the test data during analysis.
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Answer
Testing system
Antenna gain: 3 dBi Feeder loss: 1 dB Measured interference level: -90 dBm
WCDMA system
Gain of the NodeB antenna: 10 dBi Feeder loss: 2 dB
Interference level at the NodeB: 90 - (3 -1) + (10 - 2)-84 dBm
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Question
How to estimate the power of the interference level within the channel bandwidth according to the interference level within the RBW?
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Answer
The WCDMA system is a broadband system.
Therefore, you need to calculate the integral power of the interference level within the channel bandwidth.
RBW of the testing system: 10 KHz Interference level within the RBW: -80 dBm Channel bandwidth: 3.84 MHz Integral power within the channel: P = -80 + 10LOG(3.84*106/10*103) = -54dBm
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Chapter 1
Chapter 2

Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Chapter 5

Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test Instructions for YBT250
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Chapter 5

System connection
Power-on
Measurement Measurement setting Measurement result
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Before site survey, you need to conduct a spectrum test and find proper frequency test instruments.
Tektronix YBT250 is recommended. Features of YBT250
Portable, easy to carry System integration, with a built-in LNA
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System connection
The matched antenna of YBT250 is Yagi directional antenna. A portable small antenna can be used for electromagnetic background test. YBT250 can use the battery delivered together or can be externally connected to the power supply.
Yaqi antenna
Filter LNA
Cable
Power-on
Press Power and enter the Windows CE operating system. Enter the measurement interface through the touch screen of YBT250.
YBT250 spectrum analyzer
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Measurement
YBT250 supports the following three measurement functions:

NodeB information measurement Spectrum test Interference source search
Spectrum test supports the following two display modes:

Spectrum mode Spectrogrum mode
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Measurement
The spectrum mode is used for real-time measurement.

Determine the band to be tested and set Fo. Modify the span.
Observe the spectrum diagram, adjust the Fo and span, and view whether there is interference.
The Trace menu includes the following options: Normal, Max Hold, Min Hold and Max/Min Hold
Save the current spectrum diagram.
Note: You need to set RefLvl correctly to make the measured signal level range from RefLvl to (RefLvl-70dB). The difference of the maximum level and minimum of level that the YBT250 can correctly display is 70 dB.
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Measurement
The spectrogrum mode is used to check whether there is interference at a certain band in a specified time. The horizontal axis stands for the band and the vertical axis for the time.
Specific operations:
Set the automatic storage option and a file name.

Set the band (Fo and span). Open the saved file and view interference.
To view the exact interference, you can export the file as:
A picture
Data (.txt,.csv) Export the data from YBT250 using the U disk or network cable.
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Measurement setting
Fo: the central frequency of the testing signal (unit: MHz) Span: It can be set to 100 MHz, 10 MHz or 5 MHz. RBW: It is automatically set by the instrument according to the span. MaxHold/Average: display the maximum value and the average value. RefLvl: set according to the interference level.
Measurement result
WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test Form and Report on WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test
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A spectrum trail in the interference window
Instance of displaying signal strength
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Conclusion
This course describes possible
interference sources at the WCDMA band, methods for electromagnetic background test, and instructions for YBT250.
Huawei Confidential
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Thank You!
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Internal

Spectrum Test and Instructions for YBT250

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

The WCDMA system is a restricted

obtain the strength of the background noise in the coverage area.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

After studying this course, you should be able to:

Know how to use YBT250 for spectrum test.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Chapter 1 Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Bands used in the WCDMA system

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

shown in the following table (for UE).

-117 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-101 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-96 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-82 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-66 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-61 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-16 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-72 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-56 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

as shown in the following table (for NodeB).

The sensitivity specification is -123 dBm/3.84MHz.

-63 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-47 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-22 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz (with the sensitivity worsened by 6 dB)

-51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -46 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

-10 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -5 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

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Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

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Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System

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Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5

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Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference

Analysis on Interference Sources

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In china, 2G bands are allocated as follows:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference