Computer and Information

Maharana Pratap College of Technology for (HKCEE)

Module B: Part C
Technology, Gwalior

Seminar file
Sub. Code-BE607

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mrs. Poonam Sharma vikalp kulshrestha
Lect. IT & CS Dept. Roll no. 0903ec061114
Date: 20.05.09

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Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module B

A
Project
report
Presentation
on
Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module B

The BIOS

Basic Input/Output
System
Introduction to BIOS

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

boot the computer by providing a basic set of
instructions
load the operating system after turning on the
computer
perform POST (Power-On Self Test)
provide set-up program for changing BIOS
parameters
provide low-level routines for the
communications between OS and hardware
devices
 Introduction to BIOS

BIOS combination
BIOS program
CMOS stores BIOS program
BIOS parameter
 Introduction to BIOS

Advantages of storing BIOS in ROM

code and data are readily available during booting
BIOS content are not corrupted by errant
applications
BIOS hardware components
BIOS ROM
PC startup program (POST)
BIOS CMOS memory
house the configuration information of individual PC
Introduction to BIOS

The BIOS ROM

All BIOS are contained in ROM in old days
BIOS is now located in EEPROM chip
erased and rewritten by special programs
called flash BIOS
BIOS CMOS memory
provide a non-volatile storage for PC’s control
information
need very little power to operate
powered by lithium battery
 Introduction to BIOS

BIOS chip
 The BIOS Boot Process

1. The power supply sends a signal to the

components in the system unit.
2. The CPU finds the ROM chips that contains
BIOS.
3. The BIOS performs the POST which checks
components (e.g. mouse, keyboard
connectors and expansion card)
4. The results of the POST are compared with
data in the CMOS chip.
 The BIOS Boot Process

5. The BIOS looks for the system files in floppy

disk drive and hard disk.
6. The system files and the kernel of the OS load
into RAM from hard disk.
 The BIOS Boot Process

Beep codes
A series of beep: BIOS program encounter
problems
One short beep: everything is normal
Errors can be indicated when video screen does
not function
Interpret the beep codes by consulting main board
menu
 The BIOS Boot Process

POST Error messages

Error messages are shown on display system
Interpret error messages by consulting owner’s
manual
 Configuring the BIOS

Setup program interfaces

1. Hit a particular key or key combination at a right
time to enter the BIOS setup utility
 Configuring the BIOS

Setup program interfaces

2. A BIOS setup screen is displayed.
 Configuring the BIOS

Typical key control

Incorrect settings of BIOS may lead to system halt
Quit the setup without saving changes if we are
not sure about the changed settings
Boot sequence
control the order in which BIOS looks for an OS on
start-up
usual sequence: floppy disk  hard disk  CD-ROM
 Configuring the BIOS

Typical key control

Performance tuning through BIOS settings
BIOS settings are responsible for how the chipset is
controlled.
Chipset is the key to the overall system performance
BIOS parameters:
– Choose the optimal bus speed settings
– Enable the CPU’s internal cache
– External cache memory
– Enable system BIOS shadowing
– Quick power-on self test
– Update the BIOS
 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

Operating System (OS)

Works with system BIOS and device drivers
to provide instructions to hardware to perform
tasks

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

How BIOS Finds/Loads the OS

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

Parts of the Boot Process

Step 1: POST
Step 2: ROM BIOS startup program searches
for and loads an OS
Step 3: OS configures the system and
completes its own loading
Step 4: User executes application software

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

Boot Step 1

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Boot Module B: Part C

Step 2

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

Boot Step 3

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 Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module B: Part C

End…
Thank you……..

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