WELCOME TO DBA TECHNOLOGIES

ORACLE DATABASE ARCHITECTURE 1 By Mr. PRASAD MYNUMPATI 18 Years Real Time in INDIA-USA

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Architecture

Main components of Architecture

1. ORACLE INSTANCE

SGA (Memory) & Background Process

2. ORACLE DATABASE

Storage Level

ORACLE Instance Architecture SGA

What is ORACLE INSTANCE?

Physical Memory (SGA) & Processes SGA should be able to open in physical memory

What is SWAP? Swap also a type of file system on HDD, it is used by OS when Real memory usage is at
high

Swap must be available before installing Oracle Software

Oracle Instance Architecture PROCESSES

Each connection to UNIX operating system is process While starting up instance SGA (Memory Structures) Background Process ($ps) Background process are required to manage memory structures and database files. Some of the important background process are: DBWn, LGWR, SMON, PMON, ARCH,RECO

Instance Architecture SGA - Mandate and Optional memory structures and background processes

Large
DBWn LGWR SMON PMON

Streams Pool
CKPT RECO

What is ORACLE DATABASE?

ORACLE DATABASE is a combination of 3 different types of files Different types of files (C,R,D)
-Control Files -Redo log files -Data files

DB Architecture - Control Files

Control Files Holds data about database structure (physical

database structural information)

Importance of control file

Database can not be started with out control file Multiplexing to support from failures Supports up to 8 file copies

DB Architecture Control Files

Contents of Control file Database Name and database id

Database creation date and time

All database file names (data files) Location of each data file Age of each file (Checkpoint Information) Current online log sequence number Checkpoint number Backup information

DB Architecture - Data File Data Files Stores actual data permanently in ORACLE proprietary files called data files. Data files are going to be on file system like
-UNIX -EXT2 -EXT3 -NTFS (in case of windows)

Minimum 3 data base files are required from 10g

-System
-Undo -Sysaux

DB Architecture - Redo log files

Stores all changes in the form of change vectors for recovery Changes are saved to Data Files and Redo Log Files what is the
difference?

Changes to REDO LOG FILES are in the form of change vectors

Block id File id

Change details

Changes to Data files are in the form of rows and blocks

DB Architecture
Control files : minimum 1. Stores Database structural information. Recommended 3 files.
Disk1 Contro l Disk2 Contro l Disk3 Contro l

Data files : Minimum 3 from 10g. Stores data permanently for retrieval purpose.

System

Undo

Sysaux

Redo log files: Minimum -2 holds all changes in the form of changes vectors for recovery

Rego1a .log

Redo2a .log

Oracle Server
Oracle Server is the combination of Oracle Instance & Oracle database. Database access is only via Instance

SGA

Database
SP LC DDC Control Redo Data Files

> Select From Emp;

User Process

DBBC

REDO LOG BUFFERS

Back ground Processes

Logical and Physical aspect of Oracle database

DATABASE

PHYSICAL

LOGICAL

Control Files Data Files Redo Log Files

Tables Views Procedures Triggers

IS INSTANCE PHYSICAL OR LOGICAL ?

LOGICAL

INSTANCE

PHYSICAL

?
IT IS VOLATILE

NEITHER

ORACLE Database TS Architecture

SYSTEM TABLE SPACE

SYSAUX TABLESPACE

UNDO TABLESPACE

TEMPORARY TABLESAPCE

DATA TABLESPACE

INDEX TABLESPACE

Database Architecture SYSTEM TS

Users should not keep application data on SYSTEM tablespace.It is only to support base tables like. TAB$ COL$ IND$ Base Tables are created during the creation of data base to support metadata.

Database Architecture SYSAUX TS

SYSAUX tablespace introduced in version 10g Supports work load repository Reports such as AWR and ADDM willmake use of SYSAUX to generate reports Helps in understanding the performance at SERVER level

Database Architecture UNDO TS

UNDO tablespace is to support image during DML operations Supports Read consistency Flashback operations Rollback transactions Contents of UNDO TS type is UNDO it is not permanent

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QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION

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