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All living things can be divided into matter and nonmatter. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. For examples : book, air, soil and animals. Examples of non-matter are light, sound, heat and electricity. Matter can exist in three different states: (a) Solid (b) Liquid (c) Gas Solids rice, sugar, salt, coins, stones, sand and steel Liquids cooking oil, kerosene, lubricant and alcohol Gases air, cooking gas and water vapour
Properties
Arrangement of particles Distance between particles Movement of particles
Solid
Closely packed Very little space between the particles Vibrate about a fixed position
Liquid
Further apart More space between the particles Move randomly and freely
Gas
Very far apart A lot of space between the particles Move randomly, freely and faster in any direction. Indefinite High Very weak
Cannot
Cannot
Can
Two balloon are filled with air and are balanced onto a wooden rod.
The balloon that was poked with a pin has become lighter than the other balloon.
When the water level in the flask rises, the balloon inflates. The water that enters the flask takes up the space of air in the flask. The displaced air then, enters the balloon. This causes the balloon to inflate.
Wood
Ice Wax Sand
0.7
0.92 0.95 1.6
Glass
Aluminium Iron Copper Lead Uranium
2.5
2.6 7.9 8.9 11.4 19.0
Petrol
Olive oil Water Sea water
0.8
0.9 1.0 1.o3
1.8
Air
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
0.0013
0.001 0.002
The diagram shows block A with mass 5.0 kg. What is the density of block A? Density = Mass / Volume = 5.0 kg (0.1m x 0.1m x 0.2 m) = 5.0 kg 0.002 m3 = 2500kg/m3
Cork (0.25gcm-3) Petrol (0.7gcm-3 ) Water (1.0 gcm-3) Wood (0.91gcm-3) Lead (11.4 gcm-3)
Application
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Submarine Transport timber Ships and boats Buoy Hot air Balloon Floats