Radiographic Testing Film Interpretation

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Presenter Steve Cave Senior P & EW Instructor Saudi Aramco Inspection Department

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Interpreter

It is a duty of a radiographic film interpreter to ensure that all interpretations are carried out in accordance with the relevant codes for the work being carried out..

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Interpreter

A radiographic film interpreter must have access to the relevant codes and must know where to find them and interpret the relevant information

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Interpreter

Specific duties when interpreting radiographs of welds are as follows

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Interpreter

Mask off any unwanted light on the viewer

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Make sure each radiograph is correctly identified to the weld it represents

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Ensure that the weld locations are identified

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Assess the quality of the radiograph

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Measure the density of the radiograph

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Calculate image quality indicator sensitivity (ASTM)

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Ensure that image quality indicators are of the correct type

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Ensure that image quality indicators are correctly positioned on the film
IQI

Area of interest

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Assess the radiographic contrast...

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Assess the radiographic definition. Ensure that the correct film has been used

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Do artifacts interfere with interpretation ???

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Do artifacts interfere with interpretation ???

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Do artifacts interfere with interpretation ???

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Do artifacts interfere with interpretation ???

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Identify the type of welding process used

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Identify the type of weld configuration if possible

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Check the parent material on the radiograph for arc strikes, gouges, etc

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Imperfections associated with particular welding processes (SMAW)
Typical defects associated with process overlap porosity slag inclusions excessive spatter Arc Strikes incomplete penetration excess penetration undercut crater cracks lack of fusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Imperfections associated with particular welding processes (GMAW)
Typical defects associated with process incomplete penetration excessive penetration undercut excessive spatter cracking porosity lack of fusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Imperfections associated with particular welding processes (GTAW)
Typical defects associated with process tungsten inclusions lack of fusion incomplete penetration root concavity undercut porosity Burn through excess penetration

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Imperfections associated with particular welding processes (SAW)
Typical defects associated with process porosity cracking slag inclusions incomplete penetration excessive penetration weld profile defects undercut lack of fusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defects
Incomplete root penetration Failure of weld metal to extend into the root of a joint Lack of root fusion Lack of union at the root of a joint Excess penetration bead Excess weld metal protruding through the root of a fusion weld made from one side only

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Incomplete Root Penetration

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Lack of Root Fusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Excessive Penetration

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defects
Root concavity (suck-back; underwashing - non-standard terms) A shallow groove which may occur in the root of a butt weld, but full fusion is evident
Shrinkage groove A shallow groove caused by contraction in the metal along each side of a penetration bead or along the weld centreline Burnthrough (melt through) A localized collapse of the molten pool due to excessive penetration, resulting in a hole in the weld run

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Root Concavity

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Burn Through

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Slag Inclusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Slag Lines

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Lack of Sidewall Fusion

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defects
Undercut An irregular groove at a toe of a run in the parent metal or in previously deposited weld metal The inspector must determine if the undercut is continuous or intermittent, or sharp or smooth

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Internal Undercut

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect External Undercut

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defects Gas pore /Porosity
Gas pore /Porosity A cavity, generally under 1.5mm in diameter, formed by trapped gas during the solidification of molten metal

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Porosity

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Surface Cracks
Crack A linear discontinuity produced by fracture Cracks may be ... a) ... longitudinal, in the weld metal, i.e. centreline b) ... longitudinal, in the parent metal or heat affected zone c) ... transverse

d) Crater crack (star cracking) ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Cracks

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Toe Crack

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Insufficient Fill

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Excessive Cap

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Tungsten Inclusions

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Welding Defect Spatter????

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

What else can we do as a Radiographic Interpreter to confirm if it is a discontinuity or not????

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

We can use other methods of NDT if possible to confirm a discontinuity

ASNT Meeting April 2005

Duties of a Radiographic Film Interpreter

Thank you for your time

ASNT Meeting April 2005