MWD

Introduction
MWD is irradiation of tissue with radiation in the shorter wireless part of electromagnetic spect. Wavelength between infrared and SWD radiation. like other electromagnetic radiation, i.e., they are reflected, and refracted at interfaces depending on the nature of the materials. They are also used in telecommunications and in tracking ships, aircrafts, rockets, and satellites as radar.

 Thus, microwaves can be directed to, and will penetrate, the tissues while being strongly absorbed by water. This makes it an effective method of tissue heating, especially muscles.

Microwave Diathermy
Two Assigned Frequencies-2456 MHz and 915 MHz MWD Has Higher Frequency and Shorter Wavelength Than SWD Generates Strong Electrical Field and Relatively Little Magnetic Field Advantage: better focus wave on body, thereby more local heating affects Disadvantage: Depth Of Penetration Is Minimal In Areas With Subcutaneous Fat > 1 cm
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Characteristics
1cm-100cm wavelength. Decimeter wave. Commonly : 1) 12.25cm wavelength and 2450 MHz 2) 69cm wavelength and 433.92 MHz

 Penetrate more deeper than IR and less deeper than SWD. The effective depth of penetration is about 3cm. Microwaves are strongly absorbed by water so there is appreciable heating of tissues with good blood supply such as muscle but less heat is produced in structures with low fluid content.

Production
High-frequency oscillating currents will produce electromagnetic radiations of radio frequencies, which can be radiated from suitable antennae as radio and television transmissions. For the higher frequencies of microwave at relatively high power a device called a magnetron is used which generates oscillating currents directly from high-velocity electron motion.

 These currents are collected and fed along a coaxial cable to the antenna or emitter, which radiates microwaves. The antenna, which is simply a suitable, sized and shaped piece of wire, is mounted in front of a metal reflector so that a beam of microwaves is emitted in one direction. delay switch may be fitted to allow time for the magnetron to reach its proper working temperature. A standby switch for successive Rx.

Microwave Diathermy Unit

A= Power Switch B=Timer C=Output Meter (indicates relative output in watts D= Power Output Level Knob E= Amber Light-Warming up / Red Light- Ready
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MWD Applicators (Electrodes)

Circular Shaped Applicators

4 or 6 Maximum Temperature At Periphery

Rectangular Shaped Applicators

4.5 x 5 or 5 x 21 Maximum Temperature At Center
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Microwave Applicator Set-Up

Microwave Applicator Beams Energy To Patient Must Pay Attention To Cosine Law In 915 MHz Units Applicators Placed 1 cm From Skin 2456 MHz Units Have Manufacturer Recommended Distances and Power Outputs (Uses Antenna)
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Physiologic effects of MWD

Physiologic effects are those of heat in general by ionic movt, rotation of dipoles and electron orbit distortion.
Tissue Temperature Increase Increased Blood Flow (Vasodilatation) Increased Metabolism Changes In Physical Properties of Tissues Muscle Relaxation Analgesia

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Therapeutic effect
Superficial tissue heating such as muscle and articular structures close to the surface such as Wrist or Ant. aspect of Knee. Rheumatic condition. Heating muscle tissues to achieve an increase in intramuscular blood flow. Localized than widespread condition.

Techniques of application
Preparation of apparatus. Preparation of patient. Setting up of emitter. Instruction and warnings. Application. Termination.

Dosage
Output can be increased Up to 200 watts. Sensation of Comfortable warmth. 10-30 minutes.

Best Treated areas for Microwave

Tendons of foot, hand and wrist AC and SC joints Patellar tendon Distal tendons of hamstrings Achilles tendon Other areas of low subcutaneous fat

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Dangers
Effects of Metal: Effects of Surface Moisture: Cardiac Pacemakers: Eyes: Testes: Pregnancy: Circulatory Defects:

Contraindication
Diminished thermal sensation Defective arterial circulation Acute inflammation Recent hemorrhage Metal in the area under treatment Malignancy Implanted cardiac pacemakers Intrauterine devices when using a vaginal electrode Eyes and testes, due to poor heat dissipation Pregnant uterus

Thank You