Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Used by permission of THE ACADEMY OF NURSING 2355 E. 3900 S. S.L.C., UT 84124 801-506-0064
BEGINNING MARRIAGES
PREDICTION OF SUCCESS: Until death do us part: Not a fact for most marriages.
What general age is best? 20-25 Youthful marriages Up to age 25, the older you are at marriage the greater likelihood of marital happiness. Teens have higher divorce After age 30 higher divorces
Prediction of Success
Education = income, insight, status Length of engagement Childhood environment & relationship with family of origin & attachment. Divorced parents may cause a shying away from marriage. Loving each other did not have affect on whether or not they fought. HONEYMOON EFFECT: Overlooking problems
HONEYMOON
HONEYMOON PURPOSES Rest and Recreation Time for being alone Initial adjustment to marriage GUIDELINES WHEN PLANNING A HONEYMOON Dont go into debt May delay to a better time Honeymoon not necessary for a happy marriage
NATIONAL SURVEYS SHOW: 50% of couples interviewed report their honeymoon was not happy at all. People most unhappy with honeymoons are young women who have always lived at home.
ENDURING MARRIAGES
Couples who are happily in love. Unhappy couples who continue marriage out of habit and fear. Couples in between who are neither happy nor unhappy and accept the situation. 20% were happy and 20% were unhappy. Little correlation between happy marriages and stable ones. In general, however, the quality of the marital relationship appears to show continuity over the years.
ESCENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Marriage is #1, even over the kids Fidelity Commitment Unselfishness Time spent together Talk & listen Touching Be positive about mate & marriage
Developmental Tasks: Promoting educational achievement Fitting in the community of families with school-age children
GRANDPARENTING
Grandparents = distance is biggest factor in involvement 25% of preschool children cared for by grandparents Companionate relationships most common with grandchildren
INDIVIDUAL TASK
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Developing autonomy Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Developing intimacy & occupational identification Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Deciding about commitment to work & marriage Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Deepening commitments; pursuing more long-range goals Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Searching for fit between aspirations and environment Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Re-stabilizing and reordering priorities State 7 (60+ yrs) Dealing effectively with aging, illness and death wile retaining zest for life
MARITAL TASK
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Shift from family of origin to new commitment Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Provisional marital commitment Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Commitment crisis; restlessness Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Productivity; children, work, friends, & marriage Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Summing up; success & failure and future goals sought Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Resolving conflicts and stabilizing the marriage for the long haul State 7 (60+ yrs) Supporting & enhancing each others struggle for productivity and fulfillment in face of aging
INTIMACY
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Fragile intimacy Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Deepening but ambivalent intimacy Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Increasing distance while partners make up their minds about each other Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Increase in intimacy in good marriages; gradual distancing in bad marriages Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Tenuous intimacy as fantasies about other increase Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Intimacy is threatened by aging and boredom. Departure of children may increase or decrease intimacy. State 7 (60+ yrs) Struggle to maintain intimacy in face or eventual separation, usually plateaus
POWER
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Testing of power Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Establish pattern of conflict resolution Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Sharp vying for power and dominance Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Establish patterns of decision making and dominance Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Power in outside world is tested via power in the marriage Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Conflicts often increase when children leave and security appears threatened State 7 (60+ yrs) Survival fears stir up needs for control and dominance
MARITAL BOUNDARIES
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Conflicts over in-laws Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Friends and potential lovers; work versus family Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Temporary disruptions including extramarital sex or reactive fortress building Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Nuclear family closes boundaries Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Disruption due to reevaluation; drive versus re-stabilization Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Boundaries are usually fixed except in crisis State 7 (60+ yrs) Loss of family & friends leads to closing in of boundaries, important to maintain ties with outside world
INDIVIDUAL STAGE
Stage 1 (18-21 yrs) Develop roots Stage 2 (22-28 yrs) Provisional adulthood Stage 3 (29-31 yrs) Transition at age 30 Stage 4 (32-39 yrs) Settling down Stage 5 (40-42 yrs) Midlife transition Stage 6 (43-59 yrs) Middle adulthood State 7 (60+ yrs) Old age
RETIREMENT
Earlier 75% choose to retire before age 65 (WHY?) More egalitarian marriages Highest degree of marital satisfaction since early marriage Improved health
How could an over abundance of support do more harm than good? Can chronic illness help with family cohesiveness?
COPING STRATEGIES
Plan for legal and financial incapacities Manage income and expenses Arrange for long term care Assess capabilities of whole family unit Divide responsibilities among whole family unit Determine community backup services
1. Arthritis 2. Hypertension 3. Hearing impairment 4. Heart disease 5. Cataracts 6. Deformity orthopedic impairment 7. Diabetes
What are the most common causes of death of people over 75?
COPING STATEGIES
Make a place for the illness, and keep balance in life. Keep communication open. Cultivate sources of support. Develop good working relationship with healthcare professionals.
Discuss in groups: Should a health care professional be detached? Do families interfere with the efforts of practitioners to help patients? Should healthcare professionals address things beyond the physical such as economical, emotional, psychological and spiritual issues?
DEATH
DENIAL: remove dead from home, not telling children. EXPLOITATION: Desensitized and deny the realities of death ROMANITCIZATION: Those lead to think of death as beautiful can be disillusioned. Fear: Fear of death keeps us alive. Denial healthy, it keeps us from dwelling on morbidity of death.
STAGES OF DEATH
A dying person should not be expected to behave in a certain manner, only his/her own way.
GRIEVING PROCESS
Guilt is common, 1st year is hard at holidays. Consoling: Listen, dont avoid, give practical support. Needs: Death with dignity (respect as human being). Hospice can help.
Do accept them and their feelings Let them cry when they want to Let them talk about the dead person (They are in their thoughts often)
DEFINITIONS OF DEATH
LEGAL DEATH: Court says it has irreversible cessation to total brain function THEOLOGICAL DEATH: Occurs when soul leaves the body MEDICAL DEATH: Occurs when functions of human life stop UNRECEPTIVITY & UNRESPONSIVITY: Irreversible coma
DEATH VOCABULARY
AUTOPSY: Post mortem exam BEREAVEMENT: Being grieved by the loss of a loved one. CASKET: Small chest or box (coffin) COFFIN: A box or chest for burying a corpse CREMATION: To reduce a dead body to ashes by burning CREMATORIUM: A furnace for cremation
CULTURES
Jewish: 7 days of restrictions like shaving, working, sex, 11 months pray for parent daily Mexico: Dead honored with gifts of food, prayer, nightly vigils
VOCABULARY
1. Bereavement: The response to a loved ones death, including customs, and the grieving process. 2. Boomerang Generation: Adults who return to family home and live with parents. 3. Caregiver role: The one who provides the most physical care and decision making. 4. Duration of Marriage Effect: Accumulation over time of negative factors that affect marital satisfaction. 5. Empty Nest: When last grown child has left home, usually not associated with mothers depression.
VOCABULARY contd
6. Family Life Cycle: The families changing roles and relationships at various stages, beginning with marriage and ending with death of a spouse. 7. Honeymoon Effect: Tendency of newly married couples to overlook problems. 8. Hospice: A place or program caring for terminally ill, emphasizing patient care and family support. 9. Identity Bargaining: The process of roles adjustments in a relationship, involving identifying with a role, role validated by others, negotiated with partner
VOCABULARY contd
10. Intermittent Extended Family: Taking into the family other relatives in times of need 11. Sandwich Generation: Individuals who care for both their own children and aging parents at the same time.