Group 3 : Planning And Control Activities For Manufacturing Systems

Design Engineering
Industrial Design Product Development

Javier, Flordeliza C. Pajanel, Angelica Mae P. Tubello, Pia Angela L. Bautista, Brigitte D. Miranda, Christiana Jade F. Patricio, Charlie N.

Design???
a mental plan intended for subsequent execution. a preliminary sketch for a picture or other work of art. Is the creation of a plan or convention of an object or a system.

Engineering Design
The engineering design process is the formulation of a plan to help an engineer build a product with a specified performance goal. This process involves a number of steps, and parts of the process may need to be repeated many times before production of a final product can begin.

Engineering Design
Design Problems?? Analysis Problems??

determine the maximum height of a snowball given

an initial velocity and release height "Design a device to launch a 1-pound snowball to a height of at least 160 feet,"

Engineering Design
Design Problem
Open Ended

Analysis Problem
Single Solution Properties of a given System

Specified Properties

Engineering Design Process

Define the Problem Gather Information

Engineering Design Process

Test and Implement solution Generate multiple solutions

Analyze and select a solution

Define the Problem

Identify and Establish the Need Engineering design activity always occurs in response to a human need. Before you can develop a problem definition statement for a design problem, you need to recognize the need for a new product, system, or machine Develop a Problem Statement The first step in the problem-solving process, therefore, is to formulate the problem in clear and unambiguous terms. Establish Criteria for Success Criteria for success are the specifications a design solution must meet or the attributes it must possess to be considered successful.

Gather Information
Is the problem real and its statement accurate? Is there really a need for a new solution or has the problem already been solved? What are the existing solutions to the problem? What is wrong with the way the problem is currently being solved? What is right about the way the problem is currently being solved? What companies manufacture the existing solution to the problem? What are the economic factors governing the solution? How much will people pay for a solution to the problem? What other factors are important to the problem solution (such as safety, aesthetics and environmental issues)?

Gather Information
Search for information resources 1. Scientific Encyclopedias and technical handbooks 2. Electronic Catalog 3. Indexes 4. Internet

Generate Multiple Solutions

The next step in the design process begins with creativity in generating new ideas that may solve the problem. Creativity is much more than just a systematic application of rules and theory to solve a technical problem.

Analyze and Select a Solution

Analysis of Design Solutions
Functional analysis - This part determines whether the given design solution will function the way it should. Mechanical/Strength analysis - Engineering analysis of a preliminary design often include the analysis of its mechanical features Product safety and liability - The primary consideration for safety in product design is to assure that the use of the design does not cause injury to humans. Economic and market analysis - The net result or purpose of most engineering designs is to produce a product that generates a profit for the company.

Analyze and Select a Solution

Industrial design/Ergonomics - It is the study of how people interact with machines.

Analyze and Select a Solution

The Decision Process Example: Aluminum Can Crusher Students are being asked to design a simple device to crush aluminum cans. A student design team proposes four solutions to the problem. They develop six criteria that are important to a successful design. The student team agrees that the most important criteria (or desirable attributes) of the design and assigned weights are Safety: 30 percent (30 points) Ease of use: 20 percent (20 points) Portability: 20 percent (20 points) Durability and strength:10 percent (10 points) Use of standard parts:10 percent (10 points) Cost:10 percent (10 points)

Analyze and Select a Solution

This team also proposes four alternative solutions to this problem, which are illustrated in the following Figure. They are 1. A spring-loaded crusher 2. A foot-operated device 3. A gravity-powered dead weight crusher 4. An arm-powered lever arm crusher

Test and Implement the Solution

Prototyping - consists of building a prototype of the product-the first fully operational production of the complete design solution. Concurrent Engineering - is the ability to implement parallel design and analysis in which safety, manufacturability, serviceability, marketability, and compliance issues are considered early on and during the process. Documentation - One of the most important activities in design is documenting your work, clearly communicating the solution to your design problem so someone else can understand what you have created. Applying for Patents - gives specific rights to make and sell your design for a specified period. Testing and Verification - may find that the potential solution is flawed and have to back up to a previous step to get a workable solution.

Industrial Design
It is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.

Industrial Design
Design Definitions and the Origins of Industrial Design Industrial design can be understood as a part of engineering design, or as running parallel to engineering design. However, when industrial design activity is engaged in the more aesthetic or style concerns of a product it can be understood as running parallel with marketing and brand activity. There is not a right or wrong answer here, but this is an important issue because there is a lot of room for ambiguity and misunderstanding. Lack of clarity contributes to an ineffective use of industrial design.

Industrial Design
Industrial Design and Innovation Industrial Design is therefore a part of innovation. It makes its most significant contribution, as indicated above, in differentiation of similar products either by making them appear very different through colour and style, or by enhancing them with detail and minor additional features. In more radical innovation where new technology is involved, industrial design usually has a less central role because the novelty is provided by the new functionality.

Industrial Design
Role of Non-Designers in Industrial Design The conditions for effective innovation include good cross functional communication systems and techniques to share and appraise knowledge and experiences. Also, a formalised way of enabling projects to progress from concept to completion such that projects that will not make the grade can be eliminated in a timely fashion.

Industrial Design
The Effects of Organization Structure on Design If industrial design comes within a marketing function and marketers buy the creative services of an industrial design consultant on an occasional basis for a special project, we will consider this quite differently than if industrial design is a part of the manufacturing function and we have a couple of engineers working in a small studio turning out tooling design on a day to day basis

Industrial Design
Structure and Integration of Design

Industrial Design
How Much Should Everyone in the Company Know About Design? 1. Design and Creativity Design and creativity have certain things in common but they are not the same thing. The early stages of creativity are characterized by the existence of rather fuzzy implicit ideas, plenty of divergent thinking, a tolerance of ambiguity and the use of intuition. Also there is the need for experimentation and iteration or re-thinking. In the early stages of design, ideas quite rapidly give way to the creation of a strong concept or common vision which is tested out for feasibility. There are two broad sets of preferences in styles of thinking, a preference for facts, history and experience, or, a preference for metaphor, imagery and intuition. People for whom the first set is preferable are more comfortable with aspects of explicit knowledge in measurement, controls, processes and specification. People who are attracted to the latter set are more comfortable with implicit or tacit knowledge in discourse, ideas, ambiguity and emergence or evolution. To achieve a well balanced industrial design process both aspects are essential.

Industrial Design
2. Company Know-how and New Knowledge and Design Organizational knowledge can be described as:
The deep knowledge that provides an organization with core capabilities, in other words, know-how. The processes that provide for, the way we do things round here. The selective absorption of new things from the external environment that feeds into a value system.

Industrial Design
The following list is fairly comprehensive: To repackage existing brands To restyle existing products To ensure functionality in user interfaces To reduce component complexity To generate radical applications for technology To imagine future products and markets To evolve manufacturing processes To create prototypes for testing

Industrial Design
A Good Mechanism to Review and Improve Design

In industrial design overemphasis on the measurable elements, for example, the number of change notes per project, can prevent appraisal of the soft issues such as good communication.

Industrial Design
Using Discussion Groups to Build Understanding

Also when starting a review of industrial design it is good to have a set of open questions that can be used for a discussion to create a common understanding of the issues. The questions can be used with a group of people whose tasks broadly touch on development.

Industrial Design
Introducing the Sequence of Design Framework
Knowledge and information

1. Observing and Collecting

2. Assimilation to form

New Goods and Services

New Ideas and Proportion

4. Exploiting to produce
New Configuration and Specification

3. Synthesizing to create

Industrial Design
Managing the Discussion Groups and the Purpose of the Statement Statement 1 Observation and collection to provide Knowledge and Information Statement 2 Assimilation a tangible way to see New Ideas and Proportions Statement 3 Synthesizing to create options for New Configuration and Specifications Statement 4 Exploiting to produce an efficient process to make New Goods and Services

Industrial Design
Situations to Use the Design Sequence Framework

The team uses the design sequence framework because, if at all possible they do not want to shelve the project and so they are hoping to gain some insights to help them proceed. Used in this way the design sequence framework can be used as a way to learn from on-going situations.

Industrial Design
Benefits to Learning How Your Company Uses Industrial Design

Industrial design is, in certain respects, an ordinary part of any company that trades by adding value in the transforming of materials and resource into goods and services. The Design Sequence framework can be used as a tool to help a company better understand how industrial design is currently used in the company.

Industrial Design
The various activities and responsibilities of product and service design include the following:
Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements. (marketing, operations) Refine existing products and services(marketing) Develop new products and/or services. (marketing, operations) Formulate quality goals. (marketing, operations) Formulate cost targets. (accounting, finance, operations) Construct and test prototypes (operations, marketing, engineering) Document specifications.

Product Development
Product development is a broad field of endeavor dealing with the design, creation, and marketing of new products. Sometimes referred to as new product development (NPD), the discipline is focused on developing systematic methods for guiding all the processes involved in getting a new product to market.

Market Analysis

Development

Production

SALES

INTEGRATED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Product Development
Design Methodology

Design methodology is a rapidly growing field. It deals with systematic design and the methods applied in connection with systematic design.

Product Development
Basic Specification

A basic specification is based on insight. However, it is possible to develop new insight during the course of the development process, meaning that the basic specification has to be revised often.

Product Development
Functional Analysis

The activity that results in a description of what the product should do or be able to do Functions are expressed as a verb + a noun

Product Development
Evaluations Based on the Criteria
Design Factors 1. Designer 2. Company 3. Society

Operation Factors

PRODUCT
Production Factors 1. Manufacturing Process 2. Assembly 3. Testing, Control

Destruction Factors

Sales Factors

Product Development
Evaluation Based on Properties Low price Easy to assemble Easy to operate Easy to maintain Highly reliable Very safe for users Easy to transport Easy to dismantle

Product Development
What Characterizes a Good Product?

shapes
function

material

process chain

Product Development
Optimizing Value in Product Development 1. Quality, risk & reliability management Customers today more than ever expect products to perform safely and reliably . Early insight into risk ensures products will perform at a high level. 2. Detailed design A product design is only as good as the details built into it. High-quality, accurate digital models allow design teams to thoroughly test design feasibility, experiment with alternative concepts and make informed decisions about the optimal design.

Product Development
3. Verification & validation As designs change, its important to verify that proposed revisions dont adversely impact quality or performance. With early identification, design problems are addressed before they become problems in the field. 4. Distributed collaboration Every product development project is a web of interconnected people, activities, technologies, parts, stakeholders and locations. Its critical that all these elements work together toward defined goals.

Product Development
5. Change & configuration management Change and configuration management software helps product development teams, design partners and suppliers stay on top of the many challenges involved with efficiently managing the change process. 6. System design System design is the process of developing the functional and physical architecture, model of the product, associated specifications and derived requirements all while optimizing system, subsystem and part reuse.

Product Development
7. Variant design & generation Successful customization involves a flexible, demandoriented strategy with a range of custom options. With standardized processes and supporting tools, manufacturers can deliver requests based on customer needs. 8. ECAD - MCAD Collaboration Project development teams that collaborate across disciplines can validate design changes early in the product lifecycle and advance designs that meet both ECAD and MCAD requirements.