Capital Budgeting an analysis

Ramesh Kumar N

Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Presenters background
RAMESH KUMAR NANJUNDAIYA MS (Belgium), MBA (US)

Associate Partner & Head - Finance/Business set-up and Family Office of M/s. Insta Solu Venture Consultants, LLP, Bangalore, India Certified as Independent Corporate Director, by World Council For Corporate Governance, London, UK [License # WCFCG/IID/DCD/2011/1711] 2011 Visiting Guest Faculty in International Marketingand Corporate Finance course for final year MBA students at a known institutions in Bangalore, India.

Professional overview

An accomplished professional with over 32 years of experience in banking and the financial sector with established credentials in Corporate Banking and Marketing, Financial Management, Venture & PE Capital sourcing, setting up JVs and with forte in Start ups to promote new commercial banks, ventures, undertaking IPO groundwork & Listing for SMEs. Senior banker with working experience gained in known international banks as BNP, SCB, Citibank, EBIL, Barclays Bank, Banque Saudi Fransi in such diverse countries as the Middle East (GCC) region, West Europe and India. Trainer in Corporate Banking and Credit, International Trade and Marketing and Business Consultation.

Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Definition

Budget It is a description of a financial plan. It is a list of estimates of revenues to and expenditures by an agent for a stated period of time. Normally a budget describes a period in the future not the past. Capital Budgeting - Capital budgeting (also known as investment appraisal) is the process by which a company determines whether projects (such as investing in R&D, opening a new branch, replacing a machine) are worth pursuing. A project is worth pursuing if it increases the value of the company. A project typically adds value to the company if it earns a rate of return that exceeds the cost of capital.
Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Meaning and Risk issues

Capital budgeting addresses the issue of strategic long-term investment decisions. Capital budgeting can be defined as the process of analyzing, evaluating and deciding whether resources should be allocated to a project or not. Process of capital budgeting ensure optimal allocation of resources and helps management work towards the goal of shareholder wealth maximization.
Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Why is it so significant for a company

Considered to be the most important decision that a corporate treasurer has to make for the company and for the benefit of its shareholders/stakeholders. So much is the significance of capital budgeting that many business schools offer a separate course on capital budgeting
Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

What does it entail

Involve massive investment of resources Are not easily reversible Have long-term implications for the firm Involve uncertainty and risk for the firm

Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Is this a critical decision

Due to the above factors, capital budgeting decisions become critical and must be evaluated very carefully. Any firm that does not follow the capital budgeting process will not be maximizing shareholder wealth and Management will not be acting in the best interests of shareholders. Kingfisher Airlines present situation Concorde Plane had to face major problem due to bad capital budgeting. Good international company today is CISCO.

Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Techniques

Payback Period Approach Discounted Payback Period Approach Net Present Value Approach Internal Rate of Return Profitability Index

Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Which method to use and follow

A technique that helps us in selecting projects that are consistent with the principle of shareholder wealth maximization. A technique is considered consistent with wealth maximization if

It is based on cash flows Considers all the cash flows Considers time value of money Is unbiased in selecting projects
Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Pay back period

The amount of time needed to recover the initial investment The number of years it takes including a fraction of the year to recover initial investment is called payback period To compute payback period, keep adding the cash flows till the sum equals initial investment Simplicity is the main benefit, but suffers from drawbacks Technique is not consistent with wealth maximizationWhy?
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Discounted pay back

Similar to payback period approach with one difference that it considers time value of money The amount of time needed to recover initial investment given the present value of cash inflows Keep adding the discounted cash flows till the sum equals initial investment All other drawbacks of the payback period remains in this approach Not consistent with wealth maximization
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Net present value

Based on the dollar amount of cash flows The dollar amount of value added by a project NPV equals the present value of cash inflows minus initial investment Technique is consistent with the principle of wealth maximizationWhy? Accept a project if NPV 0
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IRR

The rate at which the net present value of cash flows of a project is zero, I.e., the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals initial investment Projects promised rate of return given initial investment and cash flows Consistent with wealth maximization Accept a project if IRR Cost of Capital
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NPV versus IRR

Usually, NPV and IRR are consistent with each other. If IRR says accept the project, NPV will also say accept the project IRR can be in conflict with NPV if

Investing or Financing Decisions Projects are mutually exclusive

Projects differ in scale of investment Cash flow patterns of projects is different

If cash flows alternate in signproblem of multiple IRR

If IRR and NPV conflict, use NPV approach

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Profitability index [PI]

A part of discounted cash flow family PI = PV of Cash Inflows/initial investment Accept a project if PI 1.0, which means positive NPV Usually, PI consistent with NPV PI may be in conflict with NPV if

Projects are mutually exclusive

Scale of projects differ Pattern of cash flows of projects is different

When in conflict with NPV, use NPV

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Project evaluation methods

Replacement Chain Analysis Equivalent Annual Cost Method If two machines are unequal in life, we need to make adjustment before computing NPV.

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Ramesh Kumar N Capital Budgeting Analysis

Which technique is good

Although our decision should be based on NPV, but each technique contributes in its own way. Payback period is a rough measure of riskiness. The longer the payback period, more risky the project is. IRR is a measure of safety margin in a project. Higher IRR means more safety margin in the projects estimated cash flows. PI is a measure of cost-benefit analysis. How much NPV for every dollar of initial investment. xxxx
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