CSC 201

Lecture - 7
 Scenario
• Let us take a University scenario. I want to
calculate the grade of all the students
based on their marks in each course. How
do I do?
 Arrays in Java
• An array is a group of variables of the same data
type referred to by a common name
• It is a contiguous block of memory locations
referred by a common name.

Ex : To store the marks of 1000 students, I can

declare an array namely student_marks of size
1000 and store them.
How does an Array look?

Student 0
Student 1

Student 2
Student 3

Each item in an array is

called Element. The
numbering begins with ‘0’.
 Declaring an Array
We can declare an array as below:-
1)datatype variable[] = new datatype[size];
Ex: int students[] = new int[20];
or
datatype[] variable = new datatype[size];
2) datatype[] variable;
variable = new datatype[size];
Ex: int[] students;
students = new int[20];
 Creating Arrays
• The length of an array is fixed at the time
of creation.
• A specific value in an array is accessed by
placing the index value of desired element
in square bracket.
Ex : If I want to access the 5th student in
an array, I would say student[4].
 Structure of Arrays
• Array contains the values which are
referenced through indexes.
• To access the stored values in an array,
we use indexes. Suppose an array
contains ‘n’ integers, the first element can
be indexed with a ‘0’ value and last
element by ‘n-1’ index value.
 Advantages of using Arrays
1) We can refer to a large number of elements by
just specifying the index number and the array
name.
2) Arrays make it easy to do calculations in a
loop.
3) An array has its size that is known as array
length.
Various types of arrays in Java:-
5) One – dimensional
6) Two – dimensional
 Disadvantages of arrays
1) An array has fixed size.
2) Array holds only one type of data
(including the primitive types).
 Memory Allocation
• New operator is used to allocate memory
to an array.
Ex: student_name = new String[10];

• Where else did we use a new operator

previously?
 Declaring simple arrays
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] a = new int[5];
int[] b = {1,2,3,4,5}; Initializing an array!

String[] name = { “student1”, “student2”};

char[] c = {‘a’, ‘b’};
}
 Simple program to print array
elements
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int [] a = {1,2,3,4,5};
for(int i =0; i < 5; i++)
System.out.println(“Elements of array a
are “+a[i]);}
 Sample Program
• What happens in the following scenario?

public static void main(String[] args)

{
int [] a= {1,2,3,4,5}; Array Index out of bounds?

for(int i =0; i < 6; i++)

System.out.println(“Elements of array a are
“+a[i]);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int [] a= {1,2,3,4,5};
for(int i =0; i < 5; i++)
{ System.out.println(“Elements of array a are
“+a[i]);}

System.out.println(a[2]); What gets printed

here?
}
 Program to calculate sum of
numbers from 1 to 10
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a[] = new int[10];
int sum = 0;
for(int k =0; k < 10; k++) Do you get the sum of first
{ 10 numbers?

a[k] = k;
sum = sum + a[k];
}
System.out.println(“Sum of first 10 numbers is “+sum);
}// How about k < 11? How about increasing size of array?
 Calculate the sum
public class sum
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] a = new int[11];
int sum = 0;
for(int m=0; m < a.length ; m++)
a[m] = m;
for(int k =0; k< a.length; k++)
sum += a[k];
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
Output here ?
 Example- Printing 10 random
numbers
import java.util.Random;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Random mynumber = new Random();
int[] student_marks = new int[10];
for(int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
student_marks[i] = mynumber.nextInt(10);
System.out.println(“Marks for student “+i” is
“student_marks[i]);
}
}
• What if you want to get an average of the
marks of all the students in a class?
 Program to search a number in an
Array
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a[] = {10,5,3,12,45,7}; int i=0, found=0;
System.out.println(“Enter a number to search in the array:”);
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = s.nextInt();
while( i < a.length)
{
if(num == a[i])
{System.out.println(“Yes, it matched!”); found = 1;
break;
}
i++;
}
If(found == 0)
System.out.println(“Sorry, not found”);
}
What if you want the position of the element in the array if the number is found?
 Two dimensional Arrays
• 2-D arrays are defined as an Array of
arrays.
• An array of ints will have type int[],
similarly we can have int[][], which means
array of arrays of ints.
Print a matrix using a 2–D array
Public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a[][] = new int[2][2];
for(int i=0; i< a.length;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j < a.length; j++)
{
a[i][j] = i;
System.out.print(a[i][j]);
}
System.out.println(“ “);
}
}