By :

Rizal Bin Aman Jahir Bin Korotok Mohd Muzammil Bin Abdul Rahim Mhd. Lex Qayyum Bin Hais Zainal Bin Hazmi

What is

What are the effects of

Im thinking !!

Water-Level Detection for Preventing Floods

Block diagram of the water level detection procedure :

1. In the first step, the

image noise produced by dust on the camera lens, rain, or snow is removed by a smoothing filter. 2. After the spatiotemporal features have been estimated, each spatiotemporal feature is projected onto the y-axis to create a cumulative histogram. 3. During the final step, the water level decision is made using a decision function and the projected features.

Coastal Zone Management and Detecting Tidal Waves

The general method for detecting tidal waves or tsunamis is to use a buoy system. The tidal detection buoy system measures small changes in the depth of the deep ocean caused by tidal waves as they propagate past the sensor. This is accomplished by using an extremely sensitive bottom pressure sensor/recorder to measure very small changes in pressure as the waves move past the buoy system.

General procedure for shoreline detection :

Images acquired from multiple cameras are used to obtain (a) a panoramic view of the entire coastal embayment, (b) rectification of this merged image to produce real-world coordinates allows the resulting aerial view image to be processed using sophisticated image analysis techniques to determine the exact shoreline position on the shore, marked with a black dashed line in (c).

Landslide Detection
Electrical sensors are commonly used for monitoring devices of landslides, such as extensometers, although they are easily damaged by lightning and electromagnetic noise. In contrast, optical fibers are free from such flaws and devices using optical fibers have been developed in recent years. The sensors basically work by detecting changes in the fibers transmission of light due to bending or warping of the optical fiber when the ground moves

General procedure for landslide detection :

1. Comparing images before the landslide and after the landslide. 2. The reference image is saved in the first step and subsequent images from the same location are obtained by automated and repeated mapping of topographical features. 3. The modified areas are represented by thresholding based on local point similarity, while post-processing, such as connected component labeling or morphological operations, is used to detect the large connected regions. 4. A landslide decision function is applied during the final step, along with some feature descriptors of candidate regions.

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