PROJECT PROGESS REPORT

BY

G.ANKITHA
-03251A1703
M.ANUSHA
-03251A1706
K.DIVYA
-03251A1715
OUR INTERNAL GUIDE: OUR EXTERNAL GUIDE
MRS.J.SUNITA KUMARI MRS.ADI LAKSHMI
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

TRIPLE BAND APERTURE

COUPLED

MICROSTRIPANTENNA
 CONTENTS
• Overview
• Radiation Mechanism
• Feeding Techniques
• Selection Of Substrate
• Design Of Single Patch Antenna
• Structure Of Triple Band Microstrip Antenna
• Design Procedure
• Conclusion
 OVERVIEW OF MICROSTRIP
ANTENNA
• consists of a radiating
patch on one side of a
dielectric substrate which
has a ground plane on the
other side
• The patch is generally
made of conducting
material such as copper
or gold.
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF THE
PATCHES

Square Rectangle Dipole Circle

Elliptical
Traingle Circular ring
 RADIATION MECHANISM

• Radiates because of
electric fringing fields
between the edges of the
conductor element and
the ground-plane behind
it.
• Can be represented by
two slots λ/2 apart.
FEEDING METHODS

• Microstrip line feed

• Coaxial probe feed
• Proximity coupling
• Aperture coupling
MICROSTRIP LINE FEED
COAXIAL PROBE FEED
PROXIMITY COUPLING
APERTURE COUPLING
COMPARISON OF FEEDING
TECHNIQUES
 SELECTION OF SUBSTRATE

• The substrate plays a double role: electrically,

it is an integral part of the transmission line
circuits and antennas; mechanically, it is the
support of the structure.
• The electrical properties are the relative
permittivity ξ, the substrate thickness ‘h’ and
the dielectric loss factor tanδ.
 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE SUBSTRATE
• Thick substrates with low dielectric constant.
¤ better efficiency
¤ larger bandwidth
¤ loosely bound fields for radiation into space.

• In the present design RT/Duroid 5880 is

taken as the dielectric that accounts for high
efficiency and lightweight of the antenna.
 Characteristics of RT/Duroid
Parameter Characteristics of RT/Duroid
Uniform dielectric
constant Less than ±1% from 10^6 through 10^10 Hz

RT/Duroid has a very low dissipation factor. It is superior to all

Low dissipation factor
other strip line composite materials.

Dimensional Withstands temperatures up to 550ºF

stability
Close thickness Tolerance of ±3% on overall laminate thickness
Control
Excellent bond Excellent adhesion is maintained even after soldering, plating and
strength exposure to elevated temperatures.

Environmental Extremely low water absorption.They are inert at room

stability temperatures to high humidity and atmospheric pollutants such
as industrial gases and marine salts.
DESIGN OF TRIPLE BAND APERTURE-
-COUPLED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

layer3

layer2

layer1

groundlayer
BASIC STRUCTURE OF TRIPLE BAND ANTENNA

Groundlayer with a Layer1 with coupling

microstrip feed line slots

Layer2 with coupling Layer3 with

slots on the patch patches on it
 DESIGN PROCEDURE
A. Design procedure for layer 2

a Width

b Effective dielectric constant 84mm

47mm 7mm 5mm

7mm 5mm

0.7mm 0.5mm
c. Extension of length 0.5mm

47mm

84mm

d. Actual length Coupling slots on patch of layer 2

 B. Design procedure for the patches on layer3:

a. Effective dielectric constant

In which
 b. Actual length of the patch

Patches on Layer 3
where

20mm
c. Slot dimensions are 84mm

84mm
f.Calculation of microstrip line width:

84mm 5mm

72mm

84mm
 VSWR MEASUREMENT

1.Selection of sweep
frequency range.
2.Selection of port.
3.Calibration of the
VNA.
4.Connecting the antenna
and observing the trace.
 FABRICATION PROCESS

DESIGN MASTER DRAWING ARTWORK LAYOUT

POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT PHOTO REDUCTION

LAMINATE CLEANING RESIST APPLICATION

ETCHING RESIST DEVELOPMENT RESIST EXPOSURE

INSPECTION STRIPPING ASSEMBLY

 PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS

CLEANING

DEPOSITION OF PHOTORESISTIVE LAYER

RESIST EXPOSURE

RESIST DEVELOPMENT

INSPECTION

ETCHING

STRIPPING
PLOT OF VSWR
 RETURN LOSS MEASUREMENT

o Return Loss = 20log| ρ |

o
RETURN LOSS PLOT
 RADIATION PATTREN
o
 MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION PATTERN

o AUT is mounted on the

antenna positioner.
o Signal source is connected
to standard horn.
o Signal of desired frequency
is transmitted.
o Pattern is recorded by
rotating the antenna through
360º.
Setup For Radiation Pattern
Measurement
o Beam width :

The half power beamwidth is equal to the angular width

between directions where the radiated field decreases by 3dB.

o Beam width is calculated from the measured radiated pattern.

 RADIATION PATTERN AT 2.4GHz

Beam Width :
Horizontal Plane – 66.6º
Vertical Plane –
117.9º
 RADIATION PATTERN AT 4.1GHz

Beam Width :
Horizontal Plane – 34.2º
Vertical Plane – 122.4º
 RADIATION PATTERN AT 5.16GHz

Beam Width :
Horizontal Plane – 26.1º
Vertical Plane – 82.8º
 GAIN MEASUREMENT

o Standard comparison method is used.

PROCEDURE:

o Radiation pattern of the test antenna and standard antenna

are measured with the same transmitting antenna
o The difference between the power levels is calculated.
o The difference added with the actual gain of the standard
antenna gives the gain.
 MEASURED GAIN

Freq. A.U.T STD Differen Gain Remarks

in Pr(dB) HORN ce Pr STD Gain
GHz PrH(d Level HORN A.U.T
B) PrA ± (dB) Std.A FREQ.
PrH (dBi) nt RANGE
Modal
No

2.4 -30.5 -16.88 -13.615 16.85 3.235 12-1.7 1.7to

12- 2.60
3.95

4.11 -35.12 -21.86 -13.26 17.4 4.14 3.95to5.

85

5.16 -36.16 -23.6 -12.56 18.85 6.29

CONCLUSION
QUERIES ??