Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 4
Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea
Lectures by Buchan & LeCleir
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.2
Evolution
There are advantages to being small
Small cells contain more surface area relative to cell volume than large cells (i.e., higher S/V)
support greater nutrient exchange per unit cell
volume
tend to grow faster than larger cells
Figure 4.3
cell
68 nm thick Vital barrier that separates cytoplasm from environment Highly selective permeable barrier; enables concentration of specific metabolites and excretion of waste products
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
All require energy in some form, usually proton motive force or ATP
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.15
proteins
Type III secretion system: common in pathogenic bacteria; secreted protein translocated directly into host
Figure 4.18
Figure 4.19
Figure 4.20
Thermoplasa
Species of Archaea
Figure 4.23a
Figure 4.23b
acetylalosaminuronic acid
Found in cell walls of certain methanogenic Archaea
4.12 Endospores
Bacterial Capsules
Figure 4.28
Fimbriae
Figure 4.29
Pili
Filamentous protein structures
Typically longer than fimbriae Assist in surface attachment Facilitate genetic exchange between cells (conjugation) Type IV pili involved in twitching motility
Pili
Figure 4.30
Polyphosphates: accumulations of inorganic phosphate Sulfur globules: composed of elemental sulfur Magnetosomes: magnetic storage inclusions
Figure 4.31
Sulfur Globules
Figure 4.32
Figure 4.33
Buoyant Cyanobacteria
Figure 4.34
Gas Vesicles
Figure 4.35
Figure 4.36
Figure 4.36
4.12 Endospores
Endospores
Highly differentiated cells resistant to heat, harsh
chemicals, and radiation Dormant stage of bacterial life cycle Ideal for dispersal via wind, water, or animal gut Only present in gram-positive rods of the genus Bacillus &
Clostridium
Figure 4.38
Figure 4.39
Figure 4.40
4.12 Endospores
Endospore Structure
Structurally complex
Contains dipicolinic acid Enriched in Ca2+ Core contains small-acid soluble proteins (SASP)
Figure 4.41
V. Microbial Locomotion
4.13 Flagella and Motility
Taxes
Bacterial Flagella
Figure 4.44
Figure 4.47a
Flagella Biosynthesis
Figure 4.49
Mechanisms
Excretion of polysaccharide slime Type IV pili Gliding-specific proteins
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Gliding Bacteria
Gliding Bacteria
Figure 4.54
Figure 4.54