MAHESH KUMAR

IT-A ROLL NO-25

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 What is Virtual Reality?
• Definition: An interactive, computer-generated simulation
environment or virtual environment.
• TYPES-
 IMMERSIVE
 NON-IMMERSIVE
 AUGUMENTED
 TEXT BASED
 VIDEO MAPPING

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 Virtools
Media Design Sound Design
3DS, Maya, Lightwave .wav, .mp3

Virtools
Texture,
2D Interface
Specific BB,
.jpg, .bmp
Integration tool Interface
Behavioral tool
Visual C++

Application
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Immersive VR: A human user placed in a virtual environment

Components of Immersive VR
Motion Motion
Tracking Tracking
System Software

Data Simulation Display

Acquisition Software Device

Motion
Device
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 Motion Tracking

• Captures the user’s motion

within a volume of space
• Streams data to simulation
software
• Can tracks any number of
objects

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 VR Software VR Software
R e a d d a t•a EDS Jack
Im p o rt R ead
a c q u is it io n / – Visual/Ergonomic
e n v ir o n m e n t t r a c k in g
s im u la t io n evaluation package
o b je c t s s tre a m
s tre a m – Customizable via scripting
• Python, TCL, LISP
• MPI Vega Prime / CM Labs
G e n e ra te Vortex
d is p la y A d ju s t – Efficient display of realistic

v ie w ( s ) & lo c a t io n & geometry

o r ie n t a t io n – Realistic physics and collision
fe e b a c k detection
m o t io n o f o b je c t s – Customizable via C++ coding
– New version vortex 4.2 is released
in 2009

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 VR Software
• VR Juggler
 C++ based
 Cross platform support
 OpenGL and OSG based APIs
 Simulator mode for use on workstations

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 Motion Base
NASA Flight Simulator

Applications of VR
Applications
Visibility /
Ergonomics
Ingress / Egress
Manufacturing /
Building Layout
Driving Simulation /
Training
Advantages
Low Cost
Fast prototyping

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Virtual reality in surgery
• a beginning to threshold level for using Simulators in Medicine the way that
the Aviation industry has been using for past 50 Years — to avoid errors.
• instrumentation, visualisation and monitoring have enabled continual
growth in the medical field.

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 What is virtual surgery?
 The virtual reality simulation is used as an
analog for the actual surgery where doctors
can practice on a virtual patient before
performing the surgery

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 display 3-D graphics of the organ
being operated on.
 The user can "perform surgery"
upon the virtual organs by
manipulating the tools
 By inputting data
from computerized
tomography (CT) and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) scans the
patient can be replicated in virtual
environment
 The simulator surgery results can be
evaluated before the surgery is carried
out on real patient

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 3. VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN
SURGERY
• APPLICATION:-
► Training and Education.
► Surgical Planning.

►Tele-surgery.

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 Training and
Education.
Computer-based training has many
potential advantages
• It is interactive.
• An instructor presence
is not necessary.
• Changes can be made
that demonstrate
variation in anatomy
or disease state.
● “ Fly through organs’’
to examine bodies
from inside.

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 Surgical planning
1. Survey, problem specification
2. Modelling,
system plans
3. Implementation
Session 1

4. Implementation, Session 2
optimisation Session 3

5. Fine tuning, Session 4

testing, presentation Session 5

Dependence Pert diagram

finished sessions

current session

Ses1 Ses2 Ses3 Ses4 Ses5

future sessions

Feedback
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IMAGE
GUIDANCE

integration of What is computer aided

advanced imaging surgery?
technology, image
processing and 3D ■ application of computational
graphical capabilities algorithm and VR visualization to
diagnostic imaging,
has led to great
■ preoperative surgical
interest in image
guided and computer- planning and interaoperative surgical
aided surgery navigation is referred to as Computer
Aided Surgery

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TELESURGERY

operate on people
who are physically
separated from
themselves.
usually done
through a master-slave
robot, imaging
supplies through video
cameras configured to
provide a stereoscopic
view.

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4. VIRTUAL SURGERY
SIMULATION

1.3D IMAGE
SIMULATION
●generate a 3D model of
the part of the body that
undergo surgery
●Magnetic Resonance
Images (MRI),
Computed Tomography
(CT) or video recording,
which are 2D images
●images are segmented

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 2. TOUCH
SIMULATION

●Physicians rely on their

sense of touch
●the brain can be tricked
into seeing seamless
motion by flipping
through 30 or so image
per second
●For simulating touch
sensation, we have to
calculate the forces
applied to cut, protuded,
puncture the various
tissues.
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 5. WHAT IS A VIRTUAL SURGER SIMULATOR?

• consists of a powerful PC which runs the software and an

interfacer- haptic interfacer- for the user to interact with the
virtual environment work on the force feedback loop.

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6. PHANTOM DESKTOP 3D TOUCH SYSTEM- A HAPTIC
INTERFACER

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…now I’m sure I am.
…in our virtual
hospital.

Why not?

© www.ozedweb.com
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 8. CONCLUSION
 Medical virtual reality has come a long way in the past 10 years as
a result of advances in computer imaging, software, hardware and
display
 One of the current limitations of VR implementation is
shortcomings in the realism of the simulations. The main
Impediment to realistic simulators is the cost and processing power
of available hardware.
 Conflicts between sensory information can result in stimulator
sickness, which includes side effects such as eyestrain, nausea, loss
of balance a
 Despite these concerns, the benefits of VR systems in medicines
have clearly been established in several areas, including improved
training, better access to services, and increase cost effectiveness
and accuracy in performing certain conventional surgical
procedures.
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Questions
?
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