GSM INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Transmission Principles GSM Services GSM PLMN

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

ICM N templ-example.ppt

INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Transmission Principles GSM Services

radius r
r

GSM PLMN

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling

Single Cell System Cellular System

Radio Interface Siemens Solution

re-use distance

ICM N templ-example.ppt

INTRODUCTION
GSM-R
890 935 Introduction
Transmission Principles GSM Services

GSM 900
E-GSM
876 880

GSM 900
E-GSM
960 1880

GSM PLMN

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling

915 921 925

GSM 1800

GSM 1800

Radio Interface Siemens Solution

GSM 1900
[MHz] 1710 1785 1805 1850

GSM 1900
1990

1910 1930

TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLES
Uplink UL
Introduction

Transmission Principles
GSM Services

Downlink DL

GSM PLMN Network Planning

Base Station BS

Mobile Station MS

Duplex distance UL / DL separated by frequency !

Procedure GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

frequency f

TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLES
power P time t
Introduction

FDMA

Transmission Principles
GSM Services GSM PLMN Network Planning

power
1 2 3

Procedure

P time t

TDMA

GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

frequency f

TS 3 TS 2 TS 1

frequency f

TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLES
(880) 890 MHz 1710 MHz 915 MHz 1785 MHz (925) 935 MHz 1805 MHz 960 MHz 1880 MHz GSM900 GSM1800

UPLINK (UL)
Transmit band of the Mobile Station

DOWNLINK (DL)
Transmit band of the Base Station

Duplex distance 45 MHz resp. 95 MHz 25 (35) MHz 75 MHz

25 (35) MHz 75 MHz

Guard band
C C C 1 2 3
C 124 (174) 374

C C C 1' 2' 3'

C 124' (174') 374'

200 kHz

C - Radio Frequency Channel (RFC)

TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLES
f2 f1 f3 f2 f1 f3 f1 f3 f1 f3 f2 f2 f1 f3 f2

TRANSMISSION PRINCIPLES
PCM30: TDMA Principle
time slot

telephone channels 1 - 15

telephone channels 17 - 31

signaling channel

4.6 ms
0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms

TS 0

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3

TS 4

TS 5

TS 6

TS 7

4.6 ms
0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms

TS 0

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3

TS 4

TS 5

TS 6

TS 7

4.6 ms
0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms

TS 0

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3

TS 4

TS 5

TS 6

TS 7

4.6 ms
0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms 0.577 ms

TS 0

TS 1

TS 2

TS 3

TS 4

TS 5

TS 6

TS 7

GSM SERVICES
Introduction

EFR
Enhanced Full Rate

multiband / mode MSP ASCI

Multiple Subscriber Profile

SOR
Support of Optimal Routing

Transmission Principles

UUS
User-User Signaling

GSM Services
GSM PLMN

Advanced Speech CAMEL Call Items GPRS Customized Application General Packet HSCSD for Mobile network Radio Service High Speed Circuit Enhanced Logic EDGE Switched Data Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

GSM Phase 2+ Solutions

GSM PLMN GSM Interface

AC
Um

Abis

Asub

MS

BTS BSC
T

TRAU
T T

MSC
E

HLR
B
D

LMT

LMT LMT
O

MSC
F G

VLR

EIR OMC - B

VLR

GSM PLMN - Base Station Controller

TRAU TRAU TRAU Asub Abis

BTS

BSC

BTS OMC- B

BSS control Switched between TRAU BTS Radio Resource Management Collecting error messages in BSS Contact to OMC-B Database storage, SW of BSS

GSM PLMN - TRAU

TRAU

A
64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s

B S C
64 64

16

Asub
64 64 kbit/s

16 16

16 16 16 16

16 sub multiplexer

speech compression: data transmission: signaling:

64kbit/s 13 or 5.6 kbit/s + in band signaling "64 kbit/s" 0.3 - 9.6 kbit/s + in band signaling transparent

GSM PLMN GSM Phase 2+

Channel Codec Unit CCU:
BTS-SW upgrade for new Coding Schemes CS-1... CS-4

HLR Extension::
GPRS subscriber data (GPRS Register GR)

Mobile DTE

CCU

BSS
PCU
Gb

VMSC / VLR

GMSC

PSTN ISDN

HLR
extension
Gr

SGSN
Packet Control Unit PCU:
protocol conversion radio resource management

Gn

GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node

Gi

Serving GPRS Support Node

Internet Intranet X.25

SGSN:
serves all GPRS-MS in SGSN area Routing / Traffic-Management Mobility Management functions, e.g. Location Update, Attach, Paging,.. storing Location information Security & Access Control collecting charging data signalling with HLR, EIR, GGSN, MSC,..

GGSN:
Gateway to PDNs Protocol conversion Routing / Traffic Management Screening / Filtering

NETWORK PLANNING
Very first steps
Studying the topographical maps, the relative statistical relevant information,
local regulations and laws, existing networks and numbering plans future expansion plans

Transmission Introduction Planning

Transmission Principles connection points to

the PSTN GSM Services possible leased lines frequencies available GSM PLMN for microwave links Network Planning

Network Procedure Planning GSM Signaling

Interface evaluation Radio of expected traffic Siemens Solution density use of CAD network planning tool (Tornado) determination of suitable MSC, BSC, BTS sites

NETWORK PLANNING

Introduction Transmission Principles

The Cellular Network / Principles of Network Planning GSM Services

GSM PLMN

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

Frequency re-use distance: avoid inter-channel interferences Cluster: smallest domain within which all frequency resource is used (GSM900: typ. 7/9 cells) Network planning: difficult

NETWORK PLANNING
Cell Size and Coverage
GSM 1800: 8km

360 omnicell
countryside deserted and coastal areas (100 km)

GSM 900: 35km (100 km)

180 sector cell

along roads

120 sector cell

urban areas

60 sector cell
areas with dense traffic hotspots (e.g. railway stations)

NETWORK PLANNING
Hierarchical Cellular Structures
A macro cell as umbrella cell over several micro cells (traffic Hierarchical Cellular Concept: buffer) Macro cells: min. 500 m
Micro cells: some 100 m Pico cells: some 10 m speed-dependent allocation

A pico cell inside a micro cell (hotspots)

PROCEDURE Codes Identities

Introduction Transmission Principles GSM Services

CGI

MCC

MNC LAI

LAC

CI

GSM PLMN

Network Planning

IMSI

MCC

MNC

MSIN

Procedure
GSM Signaling

HLR-ID

X1

X2

X3

X4

X5

X6

X7

X8

Radio Interface Siemens Solution

MSISDN

CC

NDC

SN

PROCEDURE Security Features

Introduction Transmission Principles

Security Features:
Authentication Ciphering TMSI allocation IMEI check

GSM Services GSM PLMN

Network Planning

Procedure
GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

PROCEDURE Authentication & Ciphering

Prerequisites for Authentication & Ciphering
BTS

A5

IMEI

Introduction Transmission Principles GSM Services GSM PLMN

Network Planning

MSC / VLR

ME

Procedure
GSM Signaling Radio Interface Siemens Solution

IMEI
EIR HLR AC

IMSI Ki A3, A8

NSS

BSS
SIM

PROCEDURE TMSI Allocation

TMSI Allocation
sends Network requires subscriber Id. for call setup Id. necessary for triples calculation Start of transmission of Id. uncoded TMSI prevents eavesdropping of subscriber Id. (IMSI) New TMSI with VLR change & usually at call setup

MS

BSS TMSI = LAI + TIC

Authentication Ciphering

MSC
TMSI

VLR
TMSI determines IMSI from TMSI assigns new TMSI

IMSI

HLR/ AC

IMSI Triples Ki Triples

stores new TMSI

new TMSI

For LA change with MSC/VLR change: New VLR identifies old VLR by TMSI Subscriber data: query of old VLR

PROCEDURE IMEI Check

IMEI Check
Recognise stolen, expired and faulty MEs

TAC
Type Approval Code
24 Bit

FAC
8 Bit

SNR
24 Bit

SVN
Software Version Number
(spare) 4 Bit

Final Assembly Code Serial Number

MS
ME identified by IMEI

authentication ciphering

BSS

MSC/VLR
Initiates authentication Ciphering Initiates IMEI Request (Identity Request) IMEI

EIR
Checking IMEI (white, grey or black list)

IDENT_REQ IDENT_RSP

PROCEDURE Location Update

Introduction

old VLR

HLR AC

3 4 7

new VLR 6 MSC 7 6 1 BSS 1

Transmission Principles GSM Services GSM PLMN

MSC

Network Planning

Procedure
GSM Signaling

BSS Um
LA change with MSC / VLR change

Radio Interface Siemens Solution

6 1

PROCEDURE Location Update

MS 1
requests LUP, LR: IMSI LUP: TMSI

BSS 1

MSC 1

VLR

HLR/AC

2
*1
requests triples

3 4
authentication, ciphering, (IMEI check) triples

5
requests subscriber data; sends VLR-Id. & LMSI

6 7 7 7
sends TMSI = LAI + TIC sends data

GSM SIGNALLING

GSM Signalling
HLR AC VLR EIR

Introduction Transmission Principles GSM Services GSM PLMN

Network Planning

x BTS BSC MSC ISDN

Procedure

GSM Signaling
Radio Interface Siemens Solution

MS
OMC OMC

Introduction

GSM SIGNALLING
GSM Signalling HLR CM
CC SS SMS

AC

VLR MAP
TCAP SCCP
L3 L2 L1

EIR

MM RR
LAPDm L1

MTP

BTS
MS OMC

BSC
BSSAP
BSSMAP DTAP

MSC
ISUP OMC MTP

ISDN
SCCP

SCCP

ISUP: ISDN User Part MAP: Mobile Application Part TCAP: Transmission Capabilities Application Part SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part MTP: Message Transfer Part BSSAP: BSS Application Part

MTP

BSSMAP: BSS Management Application Part DTAP: Direct Transfer Application Part LAPDm: Link Adaptation Protocol for the D channel, modified

CM: Connection Management CC: Call Control SS: Supplementary Services SMS: Short Message Service RR: Radio Resource management

RADIO INTERFACE Layer 1

Introduction

time
TS7 TS6 TS5 TS4 TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0 890 915

Duplex distance: 45 MHz Example: GSM900

Transmission Principles GSM Services GSM PLMN

UL

DL

Network Planning
Procedure GSM Signaling

Physical channel (Um)

Radio Interface
Siemens Solution

TS
577 s
935 960

200 kHz

Frequency
[MHz]

RADIO INTERFACE Logical Channel

FCCH
Frequency synchronization Time synchronization + BSIC, TDMA-No. CGI, FR/EFR/HR, VAD/DTX, HSCSD, frequency hopping, channel combinations Paging / Searching (MTC) Request for signalling channel Allocation of signalling channel Signalling MS BTSE for e.g. Call Setup (Authentication, Cipher start, IMEI check, Setup info,..) LUP, SMS,... Measurement Report, TA, PC, cell parameters,... Signalling instead of TCH (e.g. for HOV, IMSI Detach, Call Release) User data Full Rate User data Half Rate
SACCH: Slow Associated Control Channel FACCH: Fast Associated Control Channel TCH: Traffic Channel

BCH
Broadcast Channel

DL

SCH BCCH

Signalling

DL

PCH

CCCH
Common Control Channel

AGCH
UL RACH SDCCH

DCCH
Dedicated Control Channel

UL + DL

SACCH FACCH

Traffic User Data

BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel FCCH: Frequency Correction Channel SCH: Synchronisation Channel PCH: Paging Channel

TCH/F UL + DL TCH/H

AGCH: Access Grant Channel RACH: Random Access Channel SDCCH: Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel

Multiplexing of Logical Channels

1 RACH slot: 1 channel request message of 1 subscriber 1 CCCH block (4 slots): - 1 paging message for 1...4 subscribers or - 1 access grant message for 1...2 subscribers

Channel Organization in a Cell

TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/F FCCH + SCH+ BCCH+ CCCH (AGCH + PCH + RACH) FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + 4 (SDCCH + SACCH) 8 (SDCCH + SACCH) TCH/H (0) + FACCH/H (0) + SACCH/H (0) + TCH/H (1) FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + 3 (SDCCH + SACCH) + CBCH 7 (SDCCH + SACCH) + CBCH BCCH + CCCH

TCHFULL MAINBCCH MBCCHC SDCCH TCHF_HLF BCBCH SCBCH CCCH

Channel Organization in a Cell

Time organization for one TCH

Channel configuration

In a cell with 2 RFC there are more possibilities, depending on the used traffic model [SDCCH dimensioning], for example:

Example :

We have four values SDCCH load per subscriber to be considered:

call attempts per subscriber per hour time for MOC/MTC setup signaling time for Location Update Location Updates per subscriber per hour 1.1 3 sec 5 sec 2.2

The SDCCH load per subscriber is calculated as follows: (1.1 * 3 sec + 2.2 * 5 sec) / 3600 sec = 0.004 Erl Furthermore we have for the TCH: 25 mErl Using 2 carrier channel configuration.

Example for Channel Configuration

Assumptions: 25 mErl TCH Load per subscriber 4 mErl SDCCH load per subscriber
Erlang Table

THANK YOU