Al Quran

but waste not by excess for Allah loveth not the wasters
Surah Al-araf (31)

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy The Key To Sustainable Development

Energy Resources & management

Energy Situation in Pakistan

Total Population: Electricity Available to: Natural Gas Available to: 165 Million 57% 21%

Yet there is extreme shortages of Gas and Electricity leading to load shedding. Poor are paying 3-5 time more for their fuel costs than those in the cities, Increase in prices of modern commercial fuel, its lack of availability is forcing the consumer to step down on the energy ladder to biomass. Shift from kerosene use to biomass (down the energy ladder) has exposed women to unclean fuel, hazards of indoor air pollution, and hours of extra work in searching and collecting biomass. Indoor air pollution causes over 110,000 deaths in Pakistan annually.

Most victims are women and children.

Need for new energy

Energy Demand Will Grow

Economy will continue to grow

Pakistan has amongst the worlds highest and fastest rising urbanization
Under 15 population 39%, pointing to spurt rather than gradual increase in energy demand Only 45% of urban population have access to grid electricity & Government has committed to electrify all villages

Increasing number of poor gaining access to modern energy for the first time
Rising income means increase in per-capita energy use new appliances, homes, cars and communication tools

Pakistan Power Sector Total Installed & Dependable Capacity

Public Sector Oil (34%) Hydel (32%)
PEPCO Thermal
WAPDA Hydel NUCLEAR Sub Total

MW
4,829
6,444 462 11,735

%
24
33 2 59

Nuclear (2%) Gas (31%) Coal (1%) 17,897 MW 13,215 MW

Private Sector
MW
IPPs KESC Rental & SPP Sub Total Grand Total 6,314 1,756 426 8,496 20,231

%
31 9 1 41 100

Dependable capacity summer Dependable capacity winter

Peak Demand Projections 20072030 (Countrywide)

Annual Growth Percentage = 8%
120000 113695

100000

80000

80566

MW

60000 54359 40000 36217 20000 18883 0 2007 2010 2015 Years 2020 2025 2030
24474

Source of Growth Rate : PEPCO , P&D Div

Energy Conservation
(Defined)
EC is not associated with rationing or curtailment of

energy; it is to do with improved efficiency. Provides same

level of goods or services with less energy, or expanded level of goods or services with same amount of energy Reduces requirements for new investments in generating capacity, distribution and transformation units; & makes capital available for other development schemes. Is available readily, and is environmentally friendly EC costs a fraction of new supplies and is the least cost supply option available to Pakistan

EC Potential in Pakistan
Industry Transport Agriculture 30% 20% 20%

Buildings
Average

30%
25%
Possible Savings for Pakistan by EC US $ 4 Billion/Year.
ENERCON - 2009

Examples of Energy Conservation Opportunities in Pakistan

Efficiency Improvements in Generation and Line Loss Reduction

Conversion Losses In Generation 52% 73% Transmission & Distribution Losses (25% Average) Losses in End Use

additional 4060% lost

How We Use Energy in Our Homes

(Heating accounts for the biggest chunk of a typical utility bill.)

Possible Saving:
Improved Design and Orientation: 30% Retrofits: 30% Efficient Appliances: 60% Renewable Energy (Solar Water Heaters / Heat

EC Opportunity in Agriculture Sector

Existing Tube Wells
Electric Tube wells Diesel

11, 00,000
2, 50,000 8, 50,000

Sanctioned Load
Existing Efficiency of the pump set
(Electric) (Diesel)

3100 MW
20-30 % 17-21%

Releasing 1400 + MW. Additionally distribution capacity freed and line losses reduced

Cost of efficiency Improvement (Efficient Motor, Pump and Redesign US $ 1200) . Payback 8-12 Months USAID has sponsored 11,000 tubewells for upgradation. Pilot program for efficient Solar tube wells underway as World Banks Project Preparation TA.

Example of Energy Conservation Opportunity in Industry Sector: Improving the Power Factor
Program Cost : Consumer Payback Benefits:
WAPDA
Released Generation Capacity Line Load Loss Reduction Released Capacity on Distribution System Consumers Annual Savings Million 72 MW 2% 2% Rs 400

US $ 5 Million One Year

GOP
Income from Fiscal measures Carbon Credits Rs 70 Million Large

Environment
GHG, suspended particles and other harmfully emissions reduced.

Energy Efficient Lighting in Homes

Total No. of Customers (PEPCO) Replace 2 Incandescent per customer: 15 Million Cost $ 40 Million

Savings:
Released Generation Capacity Released Distribution Capacity Carbon Credits Reduced Bills for consumers 2000 MW 4-5 % $ 10 Million / year

Global Response:
China, EU, Australia, 21 States of US, and many other countries have announced their phase-out programs for Incandescent Bulbs. Newer and more efficient technologies indoor LEDs are now rapidly being adopted

Improved Street Lighting in Pakistan

(463,000 Street Lights)
Replacement of existing Sodium Lights With Efficient LEDs

BENEFITS:
Released Generation Capacity Carbon Credits 300 MW $ 2 Million / year

Payback period
Equipment life (Safe) Solar Option
For new developments
Security Lighting

2.5 years
15 years

Need for Energy Conservation

Energy Conservation A Least Cost Option

New Energy Cost Electricity Fuel Oil Natural Gas 7 -30 cents per unit $ 580.00 per ton Rs. 330/Mcft Conservation 1-3 cents per unit $ 15.00 per ton Rs. 42.00 per Mcft

18

The Way Forward

ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICY:

All (new) energy requirements be met by the least cost supply option

Renewable Energy Increasing Energy Supplies

Alternative Energy
Renewable Energy

Alternate Fuels
Other Non-Conventional Energy

Alternative Energy
Renewable Energy
Wind Solar
Photovoltaic Thermal

Hydro Geo-Thermal

Alternative Fuels
Bio Diesel Ethanol Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste-toEnergy Biogas

Other Non-Conventional Energy

Waste-to-Energy Cogeneration Conservation

Why Alternative Energy For Pakistan?

Reduced dependence on Imported Oil:
2008 Oil Import Bill: $11+ Billion (63% of the total Export Earnings for 2008)

Loss of US $ 6 Billion in 2008 due to Load Conservation Shedding For Energy Security - Focus on Domestic Resources Resource Abundance Relieves Grid Resources Cost Effective Environment Friendly
Carbon Credits ($ 400 Million / yr) Land Degradation Controlled Employment Creation Poverty Alleviation Wind Solar Waste-to-Energy Small Hydro

Energy Source

Cost/Unit
1-3 Cents 5 -7 Cents 6 7 Cents 12 Cents 21 Cents Up to 28 Cents*

RFO (Thermal)

*dependant on fuel oil prices

Current Potential

Wind Resource in Pakistan

Estimated wind potential more

than 350,000 MW
Average wind speed more than 7 + m/s in Gharo Wind Corridor at

60m
More than 50,000 MW potential only in Gharo-Keti Bandar

corridor (Twice that of India)

Other sites in Balochistan, Punjab and Northern Areas being

identified

GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS OF PAKISTAN

Seismo-Tectonic & Suture Related Systems

Geothermal spring Near the snout of Pechus Glacier

Yasin District Hot Sulphourus spring Geothermal springs located Within Reshun and Ayun fault domain

Geopressurised Geothermal Systems

Neogene-Quaternary volcanism related Systems

... ... .
.

Budelas Geothermal springs T: 36 - 46C

Murtazabad Geothermal springs T: 26 - 92C Dassu area Skardu district Geothermal springs T: max: 71 C Mushkin geothermal spring T: 57 C Tatta Pani geothermal spring T: 65,5 - 83 C Bakkur thermal spring Taunsa thermal spring Zinda Pir thermal spring Uch thermal spring

Geothermal springs at the north of Zhob valley Geothermal springs at Harnai valley Giandari Hot Spot Geothermal springs at West of Dhadar, near Sanni Koh-e Sultan thermal springs T: 25,6 34,8 C

Kharan region (potential) geothermal system

... . . . . . . . . ..

Garm ab thermal spring

Khashkeli thermal gradient 3-3,5 C/100 m Mangho Pir geothermal spring T: 50,3 C

Karsaz geothermal spring Lakhra thermal gradientTalhar thermal gradient T: 39 C 3,3 C/100 m 3-3,5 C/100 m

RIVERS OF PAKISTAN
INDUS
JHELUM CHENAB

WESTERN RIVERS
RAVI SUTLAJ BIAS

IRAN

EASTERN RIVERS

30

Potential Areas for Energy Plantation

Pakistans Renewable Energy Potential (Summary)

Wind: Solar: Small Hydel (up to 50 MW): 346,000 MW 2.9 Million MW 4,500 MW

Cogeneration/Biomass/W2E:
Geothermal:

4,000 MW
2,000 MW

Off-Grid Applications:
Alternate Fuels

10,000 MW
Large. TBD

Diesel Consumption in Pakistan

Pakistan consumes around 8 million tons of diesel per year.

Four Million Tones diesel oil is imported.

If 10 % of the total diesel & furnace oil consumed by Pakistan ) is switched to blended fuel the countrys import bill can decline by ~ US $ 1.0 Billion. This will require about 750,000 hectares of land for plantation

Source: OCAC dated 30th June, 2008

Bio Diesel
Target: B10 by 2020 resulting in $ 1.0 Billion import substitution
Biodiesel Potential: 50 Million Tonnes Per Annum
26.4 Million Hectares of Waste Land 7.8 Million Hectares of Degraded land Estimate 1.2 Tones per annum per heater

Sources (Pakistan):
Castor Sukh Chain Jatropa

Pakistan Choice: Jatropa Grows on Marginal Land

Combats
Land Degradation, Desertification Unemployment

Large Amount of Carbon Credits

Renewables: Current Global Status

World Photovoltaic Market in 2008 13500 MV

Added and Existing Wind Power, Top 10 Countries, 2008

Wind Energy

Technologies
Solar Home Systems Solar Water Heater Solar Water Pumping Clean Drinking Water Street lights RE for Businesses Small and Micro Hydro Heat pumps Bio Gas Off Grid Wind/Solar

Unique Features Of Policy

1. 2. Wind Risk / Hydro Risk borne by purchaser Guaranteed Electricity purchase

3.
4. 5.

Grid provision is the responsibility of the purchaser

Attractive Tariff (Cost plus 15% ROE eqv. US Cents) No Import Duties on Equipment

6.
7. 8.

Zero Sales Tax

Net Metering Banking and Wheeling Provisions

9.

Grid Spill Over Concept introduced

10. Counter Guarantee Concept introduced this summer 11. Improved policy Expected January 2010

Achievements Projects of 1300 MW in pipeline Achieved:

Waste to Energy: 42 MW Wind: 06MW Hydro: 112 MW (Under Construction) Micro Hydro: 105 Plants (15MW) Bio Gas Plants 14,000 Plants Solar Village Electrification: 3000 Installed. 100,000 in Pipeline Benefits (Expected) : Capacity release Electricity and Communication Infrastructure Energy Security Cheap, Domestic, Reliable and Clean energy Sustainable Development Income Generation, Poverty Reduction, Employment, economy, and opening of new areas

Off Grid Opportunities

1. 2. Agriculture Water Pumping Village Electrification

3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Solar Water Heating

Security and Street lighting Opportunities in Bio fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, Gasification) Introduction of Heat pumps Zero Energy Buildings Clean Drinking Water Biogas, Bio-mass and waste based off grid applications

10. Sugar Co-Generation and heat recovery 11. Small domestic wind and solar application on net metering

Off Grid Technologies

Zero Building Energy Program Launched Accelerated Deployment of RE technologies being launched in phases
Solar Water heater Consumer Confidence Building program launched Solar Water Pumping pilot initiated PURE (micro Hydro) launched Heat Pumps program being finalized Parliamentarian SHS program launched Manufacture of small wind turbines, solar PV panels, small hydro turbines and solar water heaters started. 14000 Domestic Biogas Units being installed under Dutch assistance

SHS Installed in Village in Mithi

View of a village provided with solar home systems

Outside installation

53

Community Centre in a Village

Lighted Homes During Night Hours

55

Children can Move at Night

Light Inside the Community Centre

Outside Bulbs Lit at Night

Installation in Mosque

60

Outside Arrangements due to Light

Zorlu Wind Farm Site Before Project Commencement

Under-construction Wind Farm (Zorlu Enerji)

Under-construction Wind Farm (Zorlu Enerji)

Under-construction Wind Farm (Zorlu Enerji)

Under-construction Wind Farm (Zorlu Enerji)

Zorlu Wind Farm

Zorlu Wind Farm

NEW WIND CORRIDOR AT KALLAR KAHAR, PUNJAB

Jatropha in Sindh

Castor

Sukhchain

Jatropha
Grows on the Poorest of Soils Requires little water
(1 litre per tree every 2-3 weeks)

Jatropha plants at Karachi

Jatropha Flowering Stage

Jatropha plants (6 months old) flowering at Nooriabad near Karachi

Jatropha Setting Fruit

At Karachi one year old plant

Clusters of Jatropha Fruit

Ripening Jatropha Seed Pods

Harvested Seeds
Seeds produced are approx. 1/3rd weight of the fruit. So production of seed is approx. 1015 Kg per plant per year

Jatropha Cold Pressed for Oil

Final Product

Bio Diesel Plant

Graphic Illustration of Geothermal Heating and Cooling Modes

A TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF WATERFURNACE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Waste To Energy Plant

Waste To Energy Plant

Off-Grid Wind Application

Off-Grid Wind Application

Off-Grid Wind Application

Off-Grid Wind Application

Off-Grid Solar Application

Off-Grid Solar Application

Off-Grid Solar Application

Off-Grid Wind/Solar Hybrid Installation

Solar Thermal Power Generation

Geo-Thermal Power Plant

Geo-Thermal Power Plant

Current Status of Wind Power Projects

Detailed wind resource analysis carried out by AEDB.
Validated by Ris National Laboratory of Denmark, the leading research and accreditation agency in the global Renewable Energy Sector

Agreement to Lease for 34,476 acres of land to 21 X 50 MW each.

Four IPPs have purchased their own land and setting up the farm. Feasibility Studies for 50 MW completed by twelve (12) IPPs Generation License acquired by six (6) IPPs Tariff determined for three (3) IPPs with two (2) more in process First Energy Purchase Agreement (EPA) for 6 MW signed with Zorlu Enerji Ltd. Another three IPPs negotiating Energy Purchase Agreement (EPA) with NTDC Five turbines (1.2 MW each) have been installed. 2 x 10 kW wind turbines installed at Kallar Kahar. Amendments in Grid Codes for evacuation of Wind Energy finalized.

Zorlu Wind Farm Site Before Project Commencement

Under-construction Wind Farm (Zorlu Enerji)

Zorlu Wind Farm

Waste To Energy
35 MW of Biogas / Waste to Energy operational. PPA for 15 MW signed between PESCO and Al-Moiz Industries & for 7 MW between FESCO and Shakarganj Sugar Mills. 3 New Waste to Energy Projects awarded Generation License by NEPRA (Indus Sugar Mills Rajanpur 11MW; Ghotki Sugar Mills 12 MW; JDW Sugar Mills Rahim Yar Khan 22 MW) 4 New Waste to Energy applications with NEPRA (Ramzan Sugar Mills Chiniot 12 MW; Ashraf Sugar Mills Bhawalpur 8 MW; Thal Energy 10 MW; Shakarganj Sugar Mills 20 MW) Pilot Phase of Landhi Cattle Colony Biogas Project completed. Asian Development Bank to finance solicitation of bids from the private sector US $ 325 K Waste to Energy Study initiated for Karachi to generate 10 MW power. World Bank Financing detailed Studies for 5 cities

Remote Village Electrification

Under the Rural Electrification Program (REP), 7874 offgrid villages to be electrified by AEDB in Baluchistan (6,968) and Sind (906). 400 (300 in Baluchistan and 100 in Sind) to be electrified in the 1st phase of the program.

3000 Solar Home Systems (49 villages) in Sind have been completed.
Another 100,000 SHS planned to be electrified by 2016 subject to provision of funds.

SHS Installed in Village in Mithi

Outside installation

108

Children can Move at Night

Small Hydel
10 Hydel plants (110 MW) in public sector to become operational in 2012 with ADB Funding (Punjab-5, NWFP -5 & NA-2). Detailed feasibility for 12 Hydel plants (187 MW) prepared and under review. Tariff application for 40 MW project at C.J. Link Tail, Punjab filed with NEPRA. First Hydel PPA (1 MW) signed between PESCO and Blue Star

Energy.
Feasibility Studies for additional 43 Small Hydel plants being initiated with assistance from GTZ and ADB. 102 micro hydel projects (15 MW) initiated in NA with AKF / UNDP-GEF collaboration.

Off Grid Technologies

Zero Building Energy Program Launched Accelerated Deployment of RE technologies being launched in phases
Solar Water heater Consumer Confidence Building program launched Solar Water Pumping pilot initiated PURE (micro Hydro) launched Heat Pumps program being finalized Parliamentarian SHS program launched Manufacture of small wind turbines, solar PV panels, small hydro turbines and solar water heaters started. 14000 Domestic Biogas Units being installed under Dutch assistance

Biodiesel
Energy plantations for Biodiesel cultivated on 650 acres so far in the country. Biodiesel production on a pilot scale initiated with PSOs collaboration. SRO 474(I)/2008 issued for tax exemptions on Biodiesel production equipment / specific items. Amendments in OGRA Ordinance for regulation of Biofuels finalized with Federal Cabinet.

AEDB Facilitating Financing

Euro 25 Million EU project to reduce poverty through AE projects in NWFP and Baluchistan finalized.

Co-financing from European Investment Bank (200 Million) lined

up to supplement US $ 510 Million ADB funding. Counter Guarantee for the first projects organized with the ADB Funding for the First Public Sector Wind project finalized State Bank of Pakistan has announced subsidized financing for RE projects

Jaiqa, GTZ, World Bank and Netherlands financing pilot RE projects

Barriers to Accelerated Deployment of RE in Pakistan

Late Start No baseline data

Perception of RE being Expensive Lack of understanding

Resistance to Change Focus on Grid based power alone Inconsistent Policies Level playing field not available. (cost of infrastructure, losses, incentives and prices) Availability of Financing

Barriers to Accelerated Deployment of RE in Pakistan

Perception of Risks for IPPs

Availability of Technology
Low Engineering Base Insufficient Infrastructure and lack of equipment, trained manpower and EPC contractors Modification of ancillary systems Grid Code, Net Metering Investment Diversion Due to poor base line of CDM

Summary
We are short of Energy We continue to be Wasteful

Our Demand Management is flawed

There are limits to New Thermal Generation For Economic, Infrastructure and National Security Reasons Pakistan has vast untapped renewable Energy resources Renewable Energy is Cheaper, Cleaner and Secure for Pakistan We have been slow in benefiting from the CDM mechanisms However, the future for Pakistan is:
Efficient Use of Energy Renewable Energy Energy Plantation

Investment Diversion Due to poor base line of CDM

Country
Average Regional Grid Baseline Emission Factor

India China Brazil

1.080 0.868 0.570

South Korea
Mexico Pakistan

0.531
0.530 0.447 Registered Project Activities by Host Party

Tariff Comparison Wind Vs Thermal

17.94 15.695 15.96 16.635

Tariff (PKR / kWh)

9.981

10.175

Dawood Power

ZEPL

Gujranwala Energy Ltd

KAPCO

Orient Power

AES Pakgen

IPPs

Gujranwala Energy Ltd.

(Change in Tariff w.r.t. Change in RFO Price)
18 16 14 Tariff (PKR / kWh) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
25,715 (Apr-07) 48,817 (Jul-08)

15.695

7.9984

Price of RFO (PKR / MTon)

Comparison of Zorlu Wind Tariff with HUBCO at Furnace Oil

Annex

Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs)

Buildings consume up to:
45% of the total electricity consumption of Pakistan 12.44% (2006) of the total gas consumption of Pakistan

Global Focus is on Zero Energy Buildings:

Energy Efficient Designs Energy Efficient Appliance Educated Consumer Deployment of RE technologies
(Solar Water Heaters, PV, Wind, Sunlight. Water harvesting, fuel cells and heat-pumps)

Deployment of Net Metering Concept The FIRST (retrofit) ZEB of Pakistan would be the Pakistan Engineering Council for which:
100 KW would be supplied by PV (being installed by JICA) Remaining energy needs would be met by Heat pumps

Properties of Jatropha
Property
Viscosity (cp) (30C) Speciflc gravity (15 C/4C) Solidfying Point (C) Cetane Value Flash Point (C) Carbon Residue (%) Distillation (C)

Jatropha curcas Oil

52.6 (5.51) 0.917/ 0.923 (0.881) 2 51.0 (38) 110 /340 0.64 284 to 295

Diesel Oil
3.6 0.841 / 0.85 0.14 47.8 to 59 80 < 0.05 to < 0.15 < 350 to < 370 < 1.0 to 1.2

Sulfur (%)
Acid Value

0.13 to 0.16
1.0 to 38.2

Saponification Value
Iodine Value Refractive Index (30 C)

188 to 198
90.8 to 112.5 1.47

Technologies
Solar Home Systems Solar Water Heater Solar Water Pumping Clean Drinking Water Street lights

RE for Businesses
Solar Home Systems Small and Micro Hydro Heat pumps Bio Gas

Participating Donors
Arranged MultiYear Financing Framework for Alternate Energy for $ 510 Million. European Investment Bank will co finance $200 Million. Finalized TA through ADB to provide technical assistance to Baluchistan. Counter guarantee funds being provided by the ADB, World Bank and possibly Islamic Development Bank expected to follow. Detailed Study to solicit proposals for the Landhi Cattle Colony Power Project, Karachi. PURE project for small hydro in Chitral signed with UNDP, ZGEF, AEDB and AKF. Initiated a project through UNDP / GEF US $ 3.2 for barrier removal in the Wind Sector

Participating Donors
Organized CIM experts in the area of CDM, Solar Water heaters, Biodiesel, Solar Home Systems and Waste to Energy for various agencies Initiated Piolet projects on (Through W Bank funding):
Solar Water Pumping Waste to Energy, Solar Water Heating

When successful demonstrations are complete they will roll out the program. Developing Policy 2010 with the assistance of World Bank, Asian Development Bank, GTZ, UNDP and UNIDO. Organised Business to Business contacts in the Private Sector with German, UK and EU investors

Participating Donors
Holland tapping into ORIO and other international Programs (AEDB proposed coordinating agency)

USAID Projects on Energy Efficiency and Energy Policy AEDB National Coordinator. USTDA Waste to Energy Study Karachi. AEDB Chair Steering Committee. Euro 25 Million EU project to reduce poverty through AE projects in NWFP and Baluchistan finalized. AEDB to Cochair SC with the EU Focal Agency for the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and ENERGIA Bilateral MOUs with US, China, Korea, Malaysia, UK, JICA, JETRO and many other countries and Agencies

Examples of energy labels

Energy Conservation The foundation

Solar Water Pumping

Applications
Community Water Supply Livestock Residential Irrigation with downstream interventions

Capacity 1 to 5 hp Economics
Average Capital cost - $ 3750 Payback 6 years

Benefits
Revive agriculture on fast track Increase agriculture productivity Increase water and energy use efficiency

Installation by local companies with the equipment from FODP countries O&M by local partners with community

Solar Home Systems

Standalone solar system for each house Capable of operating
4-8 lights 1 DC fan Mobile Charger

Cost per SHS - $ 1250 Installation by local companies with the equipment from FODP countries O&M by local partners with community Benefits
Additional working hours after dark Stimulate Income generating activities Facilitate eructation Increased security

Improved Street Lighting in Pakistan

(463,000 Street Lights) Replacement with Efficient & Solar Lighting
BENEFITS: Released Generation Capacity 300 MW Released Distribution Capacity 4-5 % Savings in replacement Carbon Credits $ 2 Million / year Payback period 3 years (5 years in Solar) CURRENT STATUS: Asian Development Bank preparing a loan will take 2 years. Unsolicited proposals to municipalities slow in awareness PROPOSAL: Need accelerated deployment, through awareness demo, training, awareness and financing All new streetlights and billboards to be efficient and renewable. Existing street lights to be phased out through investor / donor financing Encourage local manufacturing of LEDs & fixtures

Off Grid Opportunities

1. 2. Agriculture Water Pumping Village Electrification

3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Solar Water Heating

Security and Street lighting Opportunities in Bio fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, Gasification) Introduction of Heat pumps Zero Energy Buildings Clean Drinking Water Biogas, Bio-mass and waste based off grid applications

10. Sugar Co-Generation and heat recovery 11. Small domestic wind and solar application on net metering

Carbon Credits

Benefits of Using Geo-Thermal Energy / Geothermal Heat Pumps

Capital cost is equal or less than conventional Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems Maintenance cost is 30% as compared to other HVAS systems. Payback period is about 5 years Electricity Saving: More than 70 % of existing consumption

Natural Gas Saving: 100%, the system does not use any gas for heating
Water Saving: 100%, the system saves 100% water Protection of Environment: There are no harmful emissions

Improvement of Indoor Air Quality: No respiratory problems like asthma, suffocation or bad odour, depression, fatigue and skin infections
The geothermal air conditioning system has a life cycle of over 50 years

Graphic Illustration of Geothermal Heating and Cooling Modes

A TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF WATERFURNACE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

Alternative Fuels Potential / Targets

Alternative Fuels Biodiesel Ethanol Anaerobic Digestion RDF / Waste to Energy Current Achievement
Zero

Potential / Targets By 2015

500,000 Tonnes

Savings/Investment / Export (Dollar Value)

$ 600 Million savings per year to GoP $ 320 Million Exports per year $ 100 Million Investment * Plus $ 1 Million per year $ 300 Million Investment * Plus $ 2 Million per year $ 100 Million Investment*

150,000 Tonnes

500,000 Tonnes

Zero

100 MW

16 MW

200 MW

Bio-Gas

2000 demonstration units by PCRET

250,000 Units

* To be generated from the private sector

Alternative Energy Potential / Targets

Current Achievement Potential / Targets By 2015 2650 MW 1000 MW 600 MW 250 MW 200 MW Investment (Dollar Value) US $ 5200 Million* US $ 2200 Million* US $ 1800 Million* US $ 300 Million* US $ 300 Million*

TOTAL
Wind Solar Small Hydro Energy RDF / Waste-To-Energy Others

42 MW Zero Zero 26 MW 16 MW

Minimal

600 MW**

US $ 600 Million*

* To be generated from the private sector

**Converted Value

Achievements
Short Term RE policy under implementation Policy on Bio-Diesel being implemented Medium term policy on Renewable Energy under preparation Specific, measurable and achievable targets for RE prepared Wind data measured, analyzed and validated by internationally recognised agencies 1st Wind Power Plant to be inaugurated in February 2009 40 Small (below) 10 KW turbines operational in Karachi.

150 KW 50 MW turbine in Nooriabad operational

Wind Farm at KPT 1st in Public sector signed with AEDB

Achievements
110 MW new small hydro plants to become operational in 2011 103 Small Hydro Plants to generate 15 MW Off-grid (AEDB-EEF/ AKRSP) 34.5 MW Waste to Energy Plant Operational in Shakarghang, Al Moiz an other Sugar Mills

3 New Waste to Energy Projects awarded generation License by

NEPRA (Indus Sugar Mills, RajanPur 11MW; Ghotki Sugar Mills 12 MW, JDW Sugar Mills Rahim Yar Khan 22 MW) 2 New Waste to Energy applications with NEPRA (Ramzan Sugar Mills, Chiniot 12 MW, Ashraf Sugar Mills Bhawal Pur 8 MW)
US $ 325 K Waste to Energy Study initiated for Karachi to generate 10 MW power.

Achievements

4,514 Homes provided solar & wind power under the REP. Euro 25 Million EU project to reduce poverty through AE projects in Sindh and Baluchistan First Public Sector Projects in Solar, Hydro and Wind prepared and under negotiation with DFIs Pilot Projects for PV Water Pumping and Solar Water Heaters approved for AEDB financing. When successful, a $ 250 Million Loan will support the up scaling.

Hydro Power
Achievable by 2015 Small Hydro Energy
250 MW

Dollar Value at Current prices

US $ 300,000,000 Investment plus $3,000,000 / year

Current Achievement
26 MW

Measure Implementable in first 100 days ..

Replace 250 W Mercury Street Lights with 28 W LEDs (100 MW) 2 Incandescent Bulbs in Every Home replaced by CLF (1500 MW) Switch Off Office electricity hour early and start hour late (100 MW) : 5- Day Week - (360 MW) Closing of Shops 1 hour early 100 MW

Implementable Measure in first 100 days ..

School Buses for school with over 400 students Regular inspection and tuning of Vehicles compulsory Mandatory Boiler Furnace Tune-ups Improving municipal water pumping efficiency 30 MW Directives for using florescent lights in all office building, hospitals and government Incentives for conservation Daylight Savings

Implementable Measure in Next 100 days ..

Appliance Labeling Program National Standards Program for appliances Geysers, heaters, stoves etc. Implementation of Buildings Energy Code (No building will be built which does not comply with the code) Sugar Co-Generation TURBO EXPANDER Program Launched Energy Conservation Law Requiring to set standards, Conduct Energy Audits, Voluntary reporting

Implementable Measure in Next 100 days ..

Ban on inefficient appliances imports. Incentives for efficient appliances (tax, duty) Easy installment scheme through monthly billing like TV license fee. Tube-well efficiency improvement Setting up vehicle inspection and tuneup centers

One year agenda ..

Inefficient Boiler Replacement Program Implementation of the EC law Replacement program for inefficient appliances (boilers, heaters gyesers etc) Increased use of renewable energy with option to sell surplus to the grid Power Factor Improvement Program and line loss reduction program Improve energy intensity index

Solar Home Systems

Standalone solar system for each house Capable of operating
4-8 lights 1 DC fan Mobile Charger

Cost per SHS - $ 1250 Installation by local companies with the equipment from FODP countries O&M by local partners with community Benefits
Additional working hours after dark Stimulate Income generating activities Facilitate eructation Increased security

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Series1

Off Grid Opportunities

1. 2. Agriculture Water Pumping Village Electrification

3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Solar Water Heating

Security and Street lighting Opportunities in Bio fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, Gasification) Introduction of Heat pumps Zero Energy Buildings Clean Drinking Water Biogas, Bio-mass and waste based off grid applications

10. Sugar Co-Generation and heat recovery 11. Small domestic wind and solar application on net metering

Off Grid Technologies

Zero Building Energy Program Launched Accelerated Deployment of RE technologies being launched in phases
Solar Water heater Consumer Confidence Building program launched Solar Water Pumping pilot initiated PURE (micro Hydro) launched Heat Pumps program being finalized Parliamentarian SHS program launched Manufacture of small wind turbines, solar PV panels, small hydro turbines and solar water heaters started. 14000 Domestic Biogas Units being installed under Dutch assistance