Chng II LY THUYET CO IEN VE MDQT (CLASSICAL TRADE THEORY)

I / Quan iem cua phai trong thng (Mercantilism) ve MDQT u iem : Nhan thc c tam quan trong cua MDQT Nhc iem : Nguyen tac chung cua MD la phai xuat sieu nhieu he qua tieu cc Hieu sai khai niem ve MDQT CP can can thiep vao cac hoat ong MDQT anh gia qua cao vang bac va quy kim Quan iem lech lac ve thu lao va dan so

II / Ly thuyet li the tuyet oi cua Adam Smith 1) Quan iem cua A.S ve vai tro ca nhan va t doanh - e cao vai tro ca nhan - Invisible hand CP thc hien laisser faire 2) Noi dung va ban chat ly thuyet LTT cua Adam Smith

a) Khai niem LTT

La s khac biet mot cach tuyet oi ve NSL hoac CPL cua moi quoc gia ve mot san pham nao o

b) Noi dung cua ly thuyet

Vi 1 so gia thiet a cho, neu moi quoc gia chuyen mon hoa vao san xuat va xuat khau san pham ma mnh co LTT ong thi nhap khau san pham ma mnh khong co LTT th tat ca cac quoc gia eu co li

c) Phan tch li ch mau dch

Bai tap 1 : Co so lieu cho trong bang sau :

Nang suat lao ong Lua m (W) (gia) Vai (C) (met) US 6 4 UK 1 5

Hay phan tch c s, mo hnh va li ch mau dch cua 2 quoc gia

 So vi quan iem cua phai trong thng, ly thuyet LTT cua A. Smith hn han hai iem : - Chnh phu khong can can thiep vao MD (MD la hoan toan t do) - Tat ca cac quoc gia eu co li

III / Quy luat li the so sanh cua David Ricardo

1) Khai niem ve LTSS (comparative advantage) La s khac biet 1 cach tng oi ve NSL hoac chi ph L cua moi QG ve 1 san pham nao o 2) Noi dung va ban chat quy luat LTSS

a) Nhng gia thiet - 2 quoc gia, 2 san pham

- MD la hoan toan t do - L co the dch chuyen hoan toan ch trong pham vi 1 QG nhng khong co kha nang dch chuyen gia cac QG - CP san xuat la co nh - CP van chuyen bang khong - Ly thuyet tnh gia tr bang lao ong (coi L la yeu to duy nhat tao ra sp)

b) Phat bieu ly thuyet

c) Cong thc tong quat: Quoc gia 1 xuat A, nhap B va quoc gia 2 xuat B, nhap A, khi : a1 / b1 > a2 / b2 hoac a1 / a2 > b1 / b2 Quoc gia 1 xuat B, nhap A va quoc gia 2 xuat A, nhap B, khi : a1 / b1 < a2 / b2 hoac a1 / a2 < b1 / b2 d) Phan tch li ch mau dch

Vi nhng gia thiet a cho, neu moi QG chuyen mon hoa vao SX va XK sp ma mnh co LTSS ong thi NK sp ma mnh khong co LTSS th tat ca cac QG eu co li

Bai tap 2 : Co so lieu cho trong bang sau :

Nang suat lao ong Lua m (W) Vai (C) US 6 4 UK 1 2

a) Hay phan tch c s, mo hnh va li ch MD cua 2 QG b) Mau dch co xay ra khong neu ty le trao oi la 6W = 15C ?

c) ty le trao oi nao th li ch MD cua 2 quoc gia la bang nhau ?

 iem hn cua David Ricardo so vi Adam Smith : Mot quoc gia c xem la kem nhat van co li khi giao thng vi mot quoc gia c xem la tot nhat tnh tong quat hoa cua quy luat LTSS cua David Ricardo cao hn han so vi ly thuyet LTT cua Adam Smith.

3) Trng hp ac biet
Nang suat lao ong Lua m (W) Vai (C) US 6 4 UK 3 2

Trong MDQT co khau hieu : Hay e cho s khac

nhau phat trien len hay S khac nhau muon nam
4) Khung ty le trao oi

5) LTSS va tien te Bai tap 3 :

Nang suat lao ong
Lua m (W) Vai (C)

US
6 4

UK
1 2

Gia s 1h L US c tra $6, 1h L UK c tra 1. Hay xac nh khung ty le trao oi gia 2 ong tien e MD xay ra theo mo hnh cua BT2

6) ng dung quy luat LTSS trong thc te a) Trong hp tac va phan cong lao ong gia cac thanh vien trong XH XH tnh tren 1 n v thi gian se la ln nhat. b) Phng phap xac nh mc o LTSS cua moi QG ve 1 sp nao o kha nang canh tranh cua QG tren th trng the gii He so bieu th LTSS (RCA) = E1 / Ec : E2 / Ew

Nguyen tac : Neu phan cong L theo LTSS th li ch

Singapore Hang hoa - May van phong - Thiet b thong tin va may ghi am RCA 6,17 4,27 PEV 6,24 4,33 Hang hoa - o go - Giay dep - Quan ao - o gia dung - Hang det

Indonesia RCA 40,65 6,51 4,64 3,41 2,51 PEV 12,99 2,08 1,48 1,09 0,80 Hang hoa - San pham du lch, tui xach - Giay dep - Quan ao - San pham khoang san phi kim loai - Hang da

Thai Lan RCA 4,77 4,4 3,17 2,93 2,89 2,09 2,05 1,87 1,52 1,36 1,36 1,09 PEV 2,63 2,42 1,74 1,61 1,59 1,15 1,13 1,03 0,84 0,75 0,75 0,60

LTSS rat cao

- o ien - Hoa chat hu c

- Hang da - San pham khoang san phi kim loai

2,19 1,76

0,70 0,56

LTSS cao

- Thiet b thong tin va may ghi am - o gia dung - o go - Hang det - May van phong - o ien - May anh, san pham quang hoc, ong ho

Philippines Hang hoa - Quan ao - o go - o ien - o gia dung - San pham du lch tui xach RCA 6,11 4,20 3,25 3,17 2,68 PEV 1,65 1,13 0,86 0,86 0,72 Hang hoa

Malaysia RCA 6,22 4,46 3,77 2,53 PEV 3,20 2,30 1,94 1,31

LTSS rat cao

- Thiet b thong tin va may ghi am - o ien - o go - Quan ao

LTSS cao

- Thiet b thong tin va may ghi am - Giay dep - May anh, san pham quang hoc, ong ho

1,48
1,46 1,28

0,40
0,39 0,35

- Hang da - Cac loai hoa chat

1,09 1,03

0,56 0,53

HE SO RCA CUA NONG SAN VIET NAM (KIM NGACH : TRIEU USD) Nam KNXK nong san cua VN(1) KNXK nong san cua TG(2) 1995 1.745,8 583.000 1999 2545,9 547.960 2000 2563,3 552.240 2001 2.422,0 547.460

Tong KNXK cua VN (3)

Tong KNXK cua TG (4) RCA = (1).(4)/(2).(3)

5.449
5.123.200 2,815

11.541,4
4.648.900 1,817

14.300
6.357.100 2,064

15.100
6.120.800 1,793

HE SO RCA CUA HANG DET MAY VIET NAM (KIM NGACH : TRIEU USD) Nam KNXK det may cua VN(1) KNXK det may cua TG(2) Tong KNXK cua VN(3) Tong KNXK cua TG (4) RCA = (1).(4)/(2).(3) 1995 850 309.960 5.449 5.123.200 2,578 2000 1.982 321.510 14.300 6.357.100 2,616 2001 1.975 340.670 15.100 6.120.800 2,350 2002 2.710 353.000 16.700 7.720.000 3,550

HE SO RCA CUA HANG THUY SAN CUA VIET NAM (KIM NGACH : TRIEU USD)

Nam KNXK thuy san cua VN (1) KNXK thuy san cua TG(2) Tong KNXK cua VN (3) Tong KNXK cua TG (4) RCA =(1).(4)/ (2). (3)

1995 621,4 50.000 5.449 5.123.200 11,68

2000 1.478,5 55.300 14.300 6.357.100 11,95

2001 1.778 55.600 15.100 6.120.800 12,87

2002 2.023 57.000 16.700 7.720.000 16,41

IV / Ly thuyet chi ph c hoi cua Haberler 1) Khai niem ve CPCH (the opportunity costs) CPCH cua 1 sp nay la so lng sp khac phai hy sinh e co u tai nguyen lam gia tang 1 /v sp th nhat

Bai tap 4 :
Nang suat lao ong Lua m (W) Vai (C) US 6 4 UK 1 2

a) Tnh chi ph c hoi cua moi quoc gia ve moi san pham

b) Gia s trong ieu kien s dung het tai nguyen vi ky thuat a cho la tot nhat, 1 nam US san xuat c 180 trieu gia lua m hoac 120

trieu met vai; UK san xuat c 60 trieu gia lua m hoac 120 trieu met vai. Bang bieu o, hay phan tch li ch mau dch cua 2 quoc gia neu biet rang khi cha co mau dch xay ra, cac iem t cung t cap cua 2 quoc gia lan lt la A(90 W, 60C) va A,(40 W, 40 C)

2) Noi dung ly thuyet CPCH cua Haberler Neu moi QG chuyen mon hoa vao sx va XK sp ma mnh co CPCH be hn ong thi NK sp ma mnh co CPCH ln hn th tat ca cac QG eu co li 3) Phan tch li ch MD da tren CPCH khong oi

a) Nhng khai niem

- CPCH khong oi (constant opportunity costs) : la lng sp th II phai hy sinh e lam gia tang 1 n v sp th I la khong oi, tc la luc nao QG cung phai hy sinh ung 1 lng sp th hai e co u tai nguyen lam gia tang 1 /v sp th nhat - ng gii han kha nang sx vi CPCH khong oi (production possibility frontier PPF) : la 1 ng thang ch ra s ket hp thay the nhau trong sx gia 2 sp trong ieu kien s dung het tai nguyen vi ky thuat a cho la tot nhat

b)Phan tch li ch MD Mot so lu y :

Li ch MD la li ch cua ngi tieu dung tang len sau khi MD xay ra so vi trc khi MD xay ra Muon xac nh li ch MD tren bieu o, bao gi cung phai tra li 2 cau : san xuat at tai au ? ty le trao oi nao ? Vi CPCH la khong oi, cac QG la CMH hoan toan (complete specialization) 4) Trng hp nc nho

Bai tap ve nha Co so lieu cho trong bang sau: 1) Hay tnh chi ph c hoi cua moi quoc gia ve moi san pham 2) Gia s trong ieu kien s dung het tai nguyen vi ky thuat

NSL

Quoc gia 1

Quoc gia 2

X Y

2 3

5 4

a cho la tot nhat, 1 nam quoc gia 1 san xuat c 120 trieu san pham X hoac 180 trieu san pham Y; quoc gia 2 san xuat c 200 trieu san pham X hoac 160 trieu san pham Y. Bang bieu o hay phan tch li ch mau dch cua 2 quoc gia, neu biet rang khi cha co mau dch xay ra, cac diem t cung t cap cua 2 quoc gia lan lt la A(100X,30Y) va A(50X,120Y)

Chuan b bai cho chng III

I/ On lai kien thc Kinh te hoc vi mo

1. ng Gii han kha nang SX ( ng PPF) vi CPCH khong oi; ng PPF vi CPCH tang 2. ng bang quan ai chung ( ng CIC) va cac tnh chat cua no 3. Cac khai niem MRT, MRS

II/ oc tai lieu e hieu va tra li

1. S khac nhau gia CPCH tang vi CPCH khong oi. Tai sao tren thc te CPCH lai tang? 2. S khac nhau gia chuyen mon hoa (CMH) hoan

toan vi CMH khong hoan toan 3. Ly thuyet chuan ve MDQT hn ly thuyet CPCH cua Haberler cho nao? 4. Lam ro cac khai niem gia ca san pham so sanh(gcspss), gia ca san pham so sanh can bang noi a(gcspsscbn), gia ca san pham sosanh can bang chung khi 2 quoc gia giao thng vi nhau 5. Hay phan tch tren bieu o li ch mau dch cua 2 quoc gia vi CPCH tang 6. Hay phan tch li ch mau dch da tren s khac biet ve s thch va th hieu ngi tieu dung (cung giong, cau khac)

7. Hay phan tch c cau li ch mau dch cua mot quoc gia, gia thiet quoc gia nay la mot nc nho 8. Ty le mau dch la g? Y ngha cua ai lng nay? 9.Phan tch can bang cuc bo s tao thanh gia ca san pham so sanh can bang chung khi mau dch xay ra 10. The nao la ng cong ngoai thng? Cac yeu to tao thanh va cach dng 11.Dung 2 ng cong ngoai thng e phan tch can bang tong quat s tao thanh gcspsscb chung khi mau dch xay ra

12. Ly thuyet nguon lc san xuat von co cua HeckscherOhlin da tren nhng gia thiet nao? 13.The nao la san pham tham dung lao ong? The nao la san pham tham dung t ban?Cho th du minh hoa 14. Phan biet 2 cach xac nh s d tha hoac khan hiem cua moi quoc gia ve moi yeu to san xuat 15. Phat bieu, chng minh va van dung ly thuyet H-O trong thc tien

16. Hay phan tch li ch mau dch da tren s khac biet ve cung yeu to san xuat (cung khac, cau giong) 17. Phat bieu, chng minh va van dung trong thc tien ly thuyet H-O-S 17. Giai bai tap Co so lieu cho trong bang sau:(chep e) Hay xac dnh mo hnh mau dch cua 2 quoc gia va bieu th LTSS cua moi quoc gia tren bieu o